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Using the Wi-Fi menu, you can quickly connect to the nearest wireless network.

If your network is not listed, make sure the router is close enough that others can connect to this access point. Also it can be. To connect to a hidden network, select Connect to another network.

The signal strength of each of the nearby networks is displayed next to its name. The more dark bars, the stronger the network signal.

enter password

Networks that display a padlock next to their names are password-protected. After selecting a network, enter its password in the login window that appears. If you do not know the password, ask the owner of the Wi-Fi network you are trying to connect to.

Connecting to a Wi-Fi network using a mobile device

Depending on the data plan you're using, an iPhone or iPad with a cellular connection may provide Internet connectivity for your Mac. When an iOS device is near a Mac, it appears in the Wi-Fi menu as an available connection.

1. From the Apple menu, choose System Preferences.
2. In the System Preferences window, click Network.
3. Select Wi-Fi from the list of available network connections.
4. Check the box next to "Show Wi-Fi status in menu bar".

Network creation

If you want to create a temporary Wi-Fi connection between your Mac and another device, you can create your own network using the Wi-Fi menu.

1. Click the Wi-Fi menu and select "Create Network".
2. Enter network details such as network name and channel.

When you create a computer-to-computer network, the menu icon changes to a computer icon (). When finished, click the Wi-Fi menu again and select Disable.

Original: How to manage a WiFi connection from the command line
Author: Adrien Brochard
Publication date: August 14, 2014
Translation: A. Krivoshey
Transfer date: December 2014

When you install a new Linux distribution on your computer, it is always a good idea to first connect it to the internet using a wired network. There are two good reasons for this: firstly, there may not be a suitable driver for your wireless adapter in the distribution kit, and secondly, if you install a system without a graphical interface, configuring Wi-Fi on the command line scares many people. I always try to avoid talking to Wi-Fi on the command line. However, there is no place for fear in the Linux world. If you don't know something, this is a great reason to study the subject. Therefore, I overcame myself and decided to master Wi-Fi management on the Linux command line.

Of course, there are several ways to connect via Wi-Fi on the command line. However, for the purposes of this post, I'll try to apply the basic way: one that uses only the programs and utilities included in any distribution's "default packages" set. Obviously, the advantage of this method is that it can be played potentially on any computer with any Linux. Its disadvantage is that it is rather complicated.

So, firstly, it is assumed that you have the correct drivers loaded for your wireless network card. Nothing will work without this.
You can then check which network interfaces support wireless connections with the command:

Typically, the wireless interface is called wlan0. Of course, there are exceptions, but for the purposes of this guide, I will use the conventional notation.
Just in case, check that the interface is enabled:

$ sudo ip link set wlan0 up

Once you know your interface is working, you can search for available wireless networks with the command:

$ sudo iw dev wlan0 scan | less

From the output, you can find out the network name (SSID), signal strength, and the type of security used (ie WEP, WPA/WPA2). There may be two options here. The simplest and easiest if the network is not secure. In this case, you can connect to it right away:

$ sudo iw dev wlan0 connect

If the network uses WEP encryption, everything is also quite simple:

$ sudo iw dev wlan0 connect key 0:

But if the network uses the WPA or WPA2 protocols, things get more complicated. In this case, you need to use the wpa_supplicant utility, which is not always preinstalled on the system. You need to open the /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf file and add the following lines to it:

Network=( ssid="" psk="" priority=1 )

I recommend adding them to the end of the file and making sure other configurations are commented out. Be careful as both ssid and password are case sensitive. You can enter the name of the access point instead of ssid, and wpa_supplicant will replace it with the corresponding ssid.

Once the configuration is complete, run this command in the background:

$ sudo wpa_supplicant -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

Now you need to get the IP address using the command:

$ sudo dhcpcd wlan0

If done correctly, you should get a new IP address via DHCP and the process will run in the background. You can always check for a connection with the command:

In conclusion, I think that mastering this method is worth the effort. You can never be sure that you will always have a GUI or a wired connection available, so it's important to be prepared for these situations. As mentioned earlier, there are many ways (Network Manager, wicd, netcfg, wifi) to manage a wireless connection. I chose the most general way, although in certain cases the utilities I used may not be available and you will need to download them first. On the other hand, there are much more advanced programs that are definitely not included in the default set of packages, but greatly simplify the setup process. Either way, it's good to learn the basics.

The age of progress and high technology is already persistently knocking on every home. Already today, every home has a computer, as well as a bunch of mobile devices: tablets, smartphones, netbooks, transformers (netbooks with a removable touch screen or tablets with docking stations) and other devices. It is not surprising that many people already have the opportunity to control various devices through. From lighting to other household electrical appliances. Such installations are called "Smart House" and were already known in the early 2000s, but became widespread among ordinary users only today, when wireless technologies became available to a wide mass of users.

Some general information

It is immediately worth noting that to control the light, TV, refrigerator, air conditioner, microwave oven or any other electrical appliance, we need a special station or relay. They come in different types, with different capabilities and functions. For example, the cheapest devices are made in the form of a socket with a remote control. That is, you insert the "Wireless socket" into a regular socket (to connect to the power supply). In a wireless device, turn on the pond compressor (for example, sunsun aco review, etc.), and using the remote control, you can turn it off or on. Everything is very easy and very simple!

But there are more expensive and advanced devices that allow you to control household appliances through special applications on tablets and smartphones. In this case, the connection can occur both in the local network and remotely via the Internet.

As you understand, it is simply impossible to describe everything in one article, so we will analyze only two types of Smart Home devices. Manage computer functions via Android via Bluetooth.

"Wireless" socket

The word "wireless" here means that you can connect to it via Wi-Fi and control its operation. Consider how such gadgets work, using the example of a device from Edup. This is a Chinese company, but it produces quite high quality products.

How to use this outlet?

1. We connect the device to the power supply network (into a regular socket).
2. There is a button on top of the device. Press and hold it until the Wi-Fi indicator starts flashing (if you hold the button, but another icon is constantly flashing, then release the button and press again briefly). Thus, we switched the device to the mode of searching for Wi-Fi networks in order to bind to the router.

Now let's move on to a tablet or smartphone (which will be used for remote control). In our case, the app is called Edup Wi-Fi. After installing the application on your tablet, you will have to register.

After that, go to the application under your login. But now there will not be a single device in it: the fact is that you need to add equipment manually, so we exit the application.

Now open the settings of the smartphone (tablet) and go to the "Wi-Fi" section. Turn on the adapter. When the system offers a list of devices available for connection, find your "wireless" outlet and connect to it. The connection we need is called "Wifino1". After we have connected to the device, we return to the Edup WiFi application.

Here you need to click the "Settings" button, which is located at the very bottom of the screen on the right. Next, click "Initialize Device". Information about the connected device will be displayed at the top: and the name.

Below you will need to enter the name of your Wi-Fi network in the field. You need to enter exactly as indicated in the router, with all characters, uppercase or lowercase letters, and so on. The name must match exactly. And, accordingly, enter the password for your Wi-Fi network.

After that, press the "Start" button. The phone will start sending the necessary commands to the Wi-Fi socket. You just have to wait for the pairing to be completed. When this happens, the indicator on the outlet itself, which was blinking before, will stop blinking and will be constantly on.

Now, when you log back into the Edup WiFi app, the "Devices" section will contain your wireless socket connected to the router. Opposite the name there will be a button, when pressed, the device will turn on or off. As you can see, controlling your household appliances via Wi-Fi is a fairly simple and quick process.

"Wireless" relay

The second gadget that will allow you to control the light in the house via Wi-Fi is a relay. This equipment is more powerful, which can withstand higher loads. At the same time, everything works directly. That is, the relay itself distributes Wi-Fi, to which you need to connect and then launch the corresponding application and already in the program control the operation of the relay.

No special settings need to be made. The relay comes with setup instructions and a disk with the necessary software. In fact, the relay is practically no different from the outlet. But if you can control the outlet via the Internet, then the relay requires a direct connection via Wi-Fi or Bluetooth.

There are other Smart Home options with which you can set up control of all household electrical appliances at once. But the cost of such equipment will be appropriate and accessible to few.

Today I want to show you an interesting device with which you can control anything via the Internet using the ESP8266 (ESP-01) Wi-Fi module and the ATmega8A microcontroller.
In this bundle, the module acts as a WiFi network controller and web server, and ATmega8A acts as a power node controller, receives a string using a simple protocol from ESP8266 and, having processed it, issues a command to open one or another relay through a shift register 74HC595 and transistor assembly ULN2003.

Device Diagram:

By contacting the specified IP address, by default: 192.168.4.1, you can configure various modes and control the lighting in an apartment or house. The device has a web interface. Firmware for ESP8266 is based on "web dumps" from respected « PVVX". I just added a couple of three handlers in the file so that when a certain string is received from the web side, a 4-byte string will be sent to the UART interface - the command identifier. There are two such commands for each control channel, this is turn on and turn off. Also, there are two additional commands that can turn on and off all lighting channels at once.
And then, having written a simple web page, I easily control the lighting of the apartment.

The device works as follows:

From the web side: if in a simple way, then when you click on any of the buttons, a script is first called that changes the background of the button and changes the variable value from 1 to 0 and vice versa with each click, and then the AJAX handler is called, which is processed by the program in the ESP8266 and sent to the UART code The corresponding to the AJAX command. And already ATmega8A , this line is received and processed.

From the microcontroller side: a string is received, processed, and if the string matches the check string, then the necessary actions are performed. Looks like this like this:

Void send_data() ( static char buff_data=0, rel_data=0; static char x=0; if(string_search("@1A00",rx_buffer)) // LIGHT ON kitchen ( rel_data|=0x81; printf("1CH ON\ r\n"); clear_buffer_rx(); x=0; if(demo<42000 && demo_off==0) demo++; } .................... .................... else if(string_search("@2A00",rx_buffer)) // LIGHT OFF кухня { rel_data&=~0x81; printf("1CH OFF\r\n"); clear_buffer_rx(); x=0; if(demo<42000 && demo_off==0) demo++; } relay_send(rel_data); }

This function compares the incoming string to yuart with a string that executes certain commands. If it matches, then the action is performed.

the yuart parser function is self-made, here is its code:

Char string_search(char *str1,char *str2) ( unsigned char addr=0,x=0,y=0; str1+=0; str2+=0; while(str1!=0) ( addr++; ) while(str1[y ]!=0 && str2[x]!=0) ( if(str1[y] == str2[x]) ( y++; x++; ) else ( if(y

The web page does not claim to be a premium, and looks like this:

When you press any of the buttons, the lighting turns on!

The settings web pages are hidden from the main one and open when you enter links. Below I will list them.

If desired, anyone can modify the main page by adding a button or link to it to go to the settings.

192.168.4.1/protect/wifi.htm
192.168.4.1/protect/setup.htm
192.168.4.1/protect/uart.htm
192.168.4.1/protect/upload.htm

For questions about updating the firmware, you can.

Photo of the mounted device:

Attention! The printed circuit boards were designed as universal (for general use) and boards were used from what was already manufactured, this is all due to the reduction of development time and savings in the cost of manufacturing factory boards. Therefore, some nodes are soldered not for the task of lighting control.

The technology of wireless data transmission in local Wi-Fi networks appeared in 1998 thanks to the engineer of the Australian laboratory of radio astronomy CSIRO John O'Sullivan. The first IEEE 802.11n wireless communication protocol standard was approved in 2009.

During its development, Wi-Fi technology has gained the widest popularity, primarily due to the absence of the need to use wires when connecting to the network. And if initially Wi-Fi technology was used to connect wearable and handheld computers, then at present this technology has penetrated cameras, household appliances, multimedia devices, and control devices. Wireless sensors of various physical quantities are also widely used - temperature, pressure, humidity, etc. Smart home control and management devices equipped with Wi-Fi modules can perform their functions from anywhere where a local wireless network is available, and if this network through a router has the ability to access the global network - from anywhere, where there is internet. Using his smartphone connected to the Internet (via Wi-Fi or GSM), the user can not only view sites, but also control household appliances located at any distance from him.

The standard Wi-Fi network scheme contains at least one access point that forms a wireless network with a known identifier (SSID) and encryption parameters, to which at least one client is connected. An access point can be either a specialized device or a router connected to the global network, equipped with a wireless radio module. Also, for example, a laptop or a smartphone equipped with Wi-Fi modules and connected to the network using a cable or GSM technology, respectively, can act as an access point.

In the proposed review, we will consider some modules offered by Master Kit using Wi-Fi wireless technology. Some modules are designed for use in DIY projects, come as a PCB with components and do not have cases, while others are made as complete devices and are designed to be used out of the box. It should be noted that each of the devices in question is a wireless network client, therefore, an access point is required to connect them to the network. You also need to pay attention to which network the device connects to - local or global. Many Wi-Fi devices use portals hosted on the global network to communicate with other such devices and exchange information. This method of communication allows you to simplify the connection, since it does not require a permanent dedicated IP address of the global network and relatively complex network settings such as NAT (“port forwarding”) for outside access to the local network located behind the firewall of the router.

For ease of comparison, the main characteristics of the devices are summarized in the table at the end of the review.

Our review will begin with Master Kit DIY modules using Wi-Fi technology.

1. – Wi-Fi relay with thermometer and two relays.

The basis of the device is the widely used Wi-Fi module ESP8266. The module is a microcontroller equipped with a wireless interface. It supports IEEE 802.11 b/g/n standards, with WEP and WPA/WPA2 encryption. The module also has 11 user-accessible I/O ports and wired communication interfaces SPI, I2C, I2S, UART and a 10-bit ADC. There are several freely distributed developer kits (SDKs) with a compiler and libraries that allow you to effectively use the capabilities of the ESP8266.

All this made it possible to create a modern device for mobile control of various electrical appliances using a smartphone or tablet.

As already noted, the module is designed to work in local networks. If you need to use access to the global network, then the following device will help.

1. – Internet relay with a thermometer and two relays using the MQTT server.

The MQTT (Message Queue Telemetry Transport) network protocol is a simplified data transfer protocol between devices and runs on top of the TCP / IP protocol. This protocol uses a behavioral messaging design pattern known as "publisher-subscriber", is very easy to use and administer, does not create heavy loads on communication channels and works well when there are problems in these channels, and also does not impose restrictions on the format of transmitted data. . MQTT is designed for low-power embedded devices, so its implementation requires the minimum processing power that microcontrollers can handle. Thus, the MQTT protocol, along with some other similar protocols, such as MODBUS or RS-485, is an excellent tool for implementing the functions of the Internet of Things - IoT.

Remote control of two relays of 2000 W each;

Reception and transmission to the network of readings of two DS18B20 temperature sensors connected to it;

Reception and transmission of readings from humidity sensors DHT11 or DHT22, analog sensors using the built-in ADC.

But, in addition to this, it provides reading data from sensors and controlling the built-in relays via the Internet at any point, there is a connection to the global network. When working in the global network, a free MQTT server is used, by default, but you can use another one.

1. If the previous two devices use the capabilities of the ESP8266 microcontroller, then the module incorporates its own more powerful microcontroller of the STM8 series and is a Wi-Fi data collection and transmission device.

The use of the STM8 microcontroller made it possible to implement a very wide functionality in a small volume. The module is, on the one hand, a complete device for collecting data on consumed household resources, such as water, heat, gas, electricity, and on the other hand, a multifunctional device for monitoring and controlling executive modules and mechanisms.

The device collects data from sensors and meters connected to it according to a set schedule and transfers this data to the server for further processing and use.

Up to 8 devices can be connected to one device in any combination:

Water meters;

Gas meters;

Electricity meters (when installing an additional CAN or RS-485 interface module);

Temperature sensors, for example;

Water leakage sensors, for example;

Liquid level sensors;

Gas leakage sensors;

Actuating devices (shut-off and control valves with an electric drive), for example, a ball valve with an electric drive.

When using additional built-in RS-485 or CAN interface modules, in addition to the 8 devices listed above in the description, up to 8 Mercury-type electricity meters can be connected to one module.

Modules can be combined to increase the number of serviced information collection channels.

The device collects data from meters and sensors and, according to the schedule set in the settings, transfers them to a server located in Russia. In normal mode, data is sent once a day with hourly detail. If an emergency situation is detected (the water meter is turned off, a leak occurs, the battery runs out, etc.), the device contacts immediately and informs the owner about it using PUSH or E-MAIL notifications. The server has a personal account for each user.

In your personal account, you can specify on what day and hour the server will automatically send monthly readings. Readings can be sent in the following ways: as a PUSH notification, as an E-MAIL, directly to the MOS.RU portal. Forget about the routine of handing over monthly readings!

You can also simply view readings and graphs on your mobile phone, tablet or computer using a browser or mobile application for iOS and Android.

The module is powered by three alkaline (Alkaline) AA batteries, the battery life is at least 3 years. When the charge level drops below 10%, a PUSH or E-MAIL notification will be sent to the user.

The device communicates with the server using an Internet connection through a private or public Wi-Fi network with encryption. Two networks can be used: primary and backup. In the absence of communication, the device collects and stores an hourly log for 1 month, when it is resumed, it transfers data to the server. In any abnormal situation (the device does not communicate, there was a leak, a break in the communication line to the sensor or meter, etc.), the server will send you a PUSH or E-MAIL notification.

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