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Translation Including one C source file into another? Online Including one C source file in another? source file c.

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When you edit source files in Visual C++ and save them, lines must end with the characters "CR/LF" [carriage return, line feed] combination. AT UNIX systems lines are terminated with "LF". Therefore, when viewing files that have been modified in the Windows group on UNIX systems, many "^M" characters may appear on the lines. This only happens when using the editor doesn't know how to interpret Windows file. Visual C++ can open files that have lines ending with UNIX LF creation. If you modify this file and Save it from Visual C++, then it is saved in Windows format (you will see CR/LF and not the LF that was previously on the system).

This article describes the procedures for saving a modified file created on Windows platform in a format that can be used on UNIX systems.

NOTE: The Visual C++ .NET IDE contains functions available for saving a file in UNIX format. In the IDE, save the file with Save as..., select save from the drop-down list Save with encoding..., and press the thrn button Yes. Select from the drop-down list Encoding of the string UNIX (LF), and then click the button OK.

You can use the following steps to create a Win32 console application project that converts a file containing "CR/LF" to line ending for "LF":

  1. To create a new one using Win32 console applications, an empty project named DOS2UNIX.
  2. From File menu, press the button New, and then click the button Files tab.
  3. Select Original file C/C++ and enter the name of the new file DOS2UNIX.cpp.
  4. Paste following code in DOS2UNIX.cpp:

    #include #include #include using namespace std; int main(int argc, char* argv) ( if(argc !=2) ( cout<< "Please specify: dos2unix filename" << endl; return 0; } char ch; char temp="\0"; //Open the file for reading in binarymode. ifstream fp_read(argv, ios_base::in \ / ios_base::binary); sprintf(temp, "%s.temp", argv); //Create a temporary file for writing in the binary mode. This //file will be created in the same directory as the input file. ofstream fp_write(temp, ios_base::out \ / ios_base::trunc \ / ios_base::binary); while(fp_read.eof() != true) { fp_read.get(ch); //Check for CR (carriage return) if((int)ch == 0x0D) continue; if (!fp_read.eof())fp_write.put(ch); } fp_read.close(); fp_write.close(); //Delete the existing input file. remove(argv); //Rename the temporary file to the input file. rename(temp, argv); //Delete the temporary file. remove(temp); return 0; }

  5. From Building menu, press the button Create DOS2UNIX.exe to create an EXE file.

You may need to test this exe file to see if it works correctly. To do this, open the file in the Visual C++ Binary Editor. If you select Open in a group File menu by selecting DOS2UNIX.ex, Settings Open as To whom Binary, and then clicking Open. For example, if the file contains "hellocrlfworld", the binary data (hexadecimal) will look like this:

48 65 6 C 6 C 6F 0 D 0A 57 6F 72 6 C 64

This is equivalent to:

Hi
World

Run the dos2unix.exe command from the command line . Next, open the file in the Visual C++ Binary Editor. You will see that 0x0d s are removed. Until you edit the file and save it in Visual C++ 0x0d s will not appear.

You can use this in conjunction with the Visual C++ Automation Models to automate the entire process. A simple Microsoft Visual Basic macro script can be written to invoke this tool, but you must first add this tool Service the menu looks like this:

  1. From Service menu, press the button Setting, and then click the button Service tab.
  2. Specify a name, such as DOS2UNIX, and specify the full path to Dos2unix.exe in Team edit field.
  3. Set the argument to $(Filename)$(FileExt).
  4. Specify the $(WkspDir) source directory (specify your own path).

To test the program, open the file in the Visual C++ editor, and then from Service launch menu DOS2UNIX means. You will see that the file opened in the editor has had all of its CR characters removed.

If you want to automate this process so that whenever you save an open file in the Visual C++ editor, the DOS2UNIX.exe tool is called to remove the 0x0d s, then use the following VBScript macro:

"This event is fired every time the document is saved in the VC++ Editor. Sub Application_DocumentSave(theDocument) "This will call the user tool in the Tools menu. "Change the number depending upon what you have. By default you only "have 6 tools under the Tools menu, so the DOS2UNIX tool will be the 7th. ExecuteCommand "UserTool7" End Sub

This VBScript code will only work if you have files open in the Visual C++ Editor. This is the only way to call an .exe file from a VBScript macro (VBScript macros cannot be passed parameters). You can write in instead and it will be more flexible. Call the tool "DOS2UNIX.exe" from the add-on without having to add it to Service menu.

In Visual C++ using the provided VBScript macro:

  1. Open an existing .dsm file or create one.
  2. Paste the code you provided earlier into the file.
  3. In Visual C++, do the following.
    1. From Service menu, press the button Setting.
    2. Click the button Macro and add-in files tab.
    3. Click the button Review load the .dsm file containing the macro. Once in the .dsm file was selected in Review dialog box, the file will appear in Add-ins and macros file list with the selected checkbox next to it.
    4. Click the button close to continue.

Now, if you open the file in the Visual C++ editor and save from the file File the menu, the called macro and all 0x0d s will be removed from the open file. Since this will affect any file saved from now on and applied to any project you open in the future, make sure to disable the macro from Service menu with Setting(uncheck the box next to the macro).



You can properly include .C or .CPP files in other source files. Depending on your IDE, you can usually prevent double linking by looking at the properties of the source files you want to include, usually by right clicking on them and clicking on properties, and uncheck/check compile/link/exclude from build or whatever . may be. Or you can't include the file in the project itself, so the IDE doesn't even know it exists and won't try to compile it. And with makefiles, you just simply didn't put a file in it to compile and link.

EDIT: Sorry I gave an answer instead of answering other answers :(

Depending on your build environment (you won't specify) you may find it works exactly the way you want it to.

However, there are plenty of environments (both IDEs and many handcrafted Makefiles) that expect *.c to be compiled - if that happens, you're likely to run into linker errors due to symbol duplication.

As a general rule, this practice should be avoided.

If you absolutely must # include the source (and should generally be avoided), use a different file for the file.

I thought I'd share a situation where my team decided to include the .c files. Our architect mainly consists of modules that are decoupled via a message system. These message handlers are public and call many local static worker functions to do their job. The problem arose when trying to get coverage for our single test cases, as the only way to implement this private implementation code was indirectly through the public message interface. With some worker features in the stack's lap, this proved to be a nightmare to provide proper coverage.

The inclusion of the .c files gave us the opportunity to get to the cog in the machine, we were interested in testing.

Including a C file in another file is legal, but not advisable unless you know exactly why you are doing it and what you are trying to achieve.
I'm pretty sure that if you post here the reason your question is being reported to the community, you'll find another suitable way to accomplish your goal (note the "almost", as it's possible that this is a solution, given the context).

By the way, I missed the second part of the question. If the C file is included in another file and included in the project at the same time, you will probably run into the problem of duplication of characters, why object binding, i.e. the same function will be defined twice (unless they are static).

The C language does not forbid such an #include type, but the resulting translation unit must still be a valid C.

I don't know what program you are using with the .prj file. If you're using something like "make" or Visual Studio or whatever, just make sure you set it to a list of files that need to be compiled without one that can't be compiled independently.

you have to add a header like this

#include

note: both files must be placed in the same place

You can use the gcc compiler on linux to link two files to one output. Suppose you have two c files, one is "main.c" and the other is "support.c". So the command to connect these two

gcc main.c support.c -o main.out

These two files will be linked to one main.out output. To run the output the command would be

./main.out

If you are using main.c function which is declared in support.c file then you must declare it in main also using extern storage class.

The file extension doesn't matter to most C compilers, so it will work.

However, depending on your file or project settings, the included c file may generate a separate object file. When linking, this can result in double certain characters.

A similar question was recently asked to me by a colleague who is starting to program in the C language. And I thought that this is a good opportunity to share my understanding of this issue. Because even experienced programmers do not always have similar points of view on this matter.

This is partly a matter of taste, so if anyone is interested in how I do it, welcome under cat.

Although the “whole truth” about h-files is contained in the corresponding section of the description of the gcc preprocessor, I will allow myself some explanations and illustrations.

So, literally, a header file (h-file) is a file containing C declarations and macro definitions intended for use in several source files (c-files). Let's illustrate this.

It is easy to see that functions 1 and 2, as well as macro 2, are mentioned in both files. And, since including header files has the same results as copying the contents into each C-file, we can do the following:

Thus, we simply selected the common part from the two files and placed it in the header file.
But is the header file an interface in this case?

  • If we need to use the functionality that functions 1 and 2 implement somewhere else, then Yes
  • If macro 2 is intended only for use in Unit1.c and Unit2.c files, then it has no place in the interface file
Moreover, do we really need to have two C files to implement the interface defined in the header file? Or is one enough?
The answer to this question depends on the implementation details of the interface functions and where they are implemented. For example, if you make the diagrams more detailed, you can imagine the case when the interface functions are implemented in different files:


This implementation option leads to high code cohesion, low testability, and difficulty in reusing such modules.
In order not to have such difficulties, I always treat the C-file and the header file as one module. Wherein,
  • the header file contains only those declarations of functions, types, macros that are part of the interface of this module.
  • The C-file, in turn, must contain the implementation of all the functions declared in the h-file, as well as private types, macros, and functions that are needed to implement the interface.
Thus, if I happened to implement the code that corresponds to the diagram above, I would try to achieve the following (the endings _c and _h in the file names were added due to the impossibility of using a period in the tool that I used to create diagrams):


It can be seen from the diagram that we are actually dealing with two independent modules, each of which has its own interface in the form of a header file. This makes it possible to use only the interface that is really needed in this particular case. Moreover, these modules can be tested independently of each other.
The reader may have noticed that macro 2 from the header file is back as a copy in both C-files. Of course, this is not very convenient to maintain. But to make this macro part of the interface is not correct.
In such cases, I prefer to make a separate header file containing the types and macros needed by several C files.

I hope I have been able to identify those entities that need to be placed in header files. And also, to show the difference between interfaces and files containing declarations and macros needed by several C-files.

Thank you for your attention to the material.

Programming Kozlova Irina Sergeevna

27. C++ source files

27. C++ source files

A C++ program most often includes a large number of source files, each of which contains descriptions of types, functions, variables, and constants. In order for a name to be used in different source files to refer to a specific object, it must be declared external. For example:

extern double sqrt(double); external instream cin;

The easiest way to ensure source file consistency is to put the same descriptions in separate files called header (or header) files, and then include, i.e. copy, these header files into all files where these descriptions are needed. For example, if the description of sqrt is located in the header file for the standard mathematical functions math.h and you need to extract the square root of 4, you should use the program:

Since regular header files consist of a large number of source files, they do not contain descriptions that should not be repeated.

In an include command, the filename enclosed in angle brackets, for example, refers to the file of that name in the standard directory (usually /usr/include/CC); files stored in other locations are referenced using names enclosed in double quotes. For example:

#include "math1.h" #include "/usr/bs/math2.h"

will include math1.h from the current user directory and math2.h from the /usr/bs directory.

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Source Files

The text of a C program can be divided into several source files. A source file is a text file that contains either the entire program or part of it. When compiling a source program, each of its constituent source files must be compiled separately and then linked to other files by a linker. Separate source files can be combined into a single source file compiled as a single unit by using the preprocessor directive #include.

A source file can contain any consistent combination of directives, compiler hints, declarations, and definitions. Integrity means that objects such as function definitions, data structures, or a set of related conditional compilation directives must be entirely located in one file, that is, they cannot begin in one file and continue in another.

The source file does not have to contain executable statements. Sometimes it is convenient to place variable definitions in one file, and in other files to use these variables by declaring them. In this case, the variable definitions become easily searchable and modifiable. For the same reasons, named constants and macro definitions are usually collected in separate files and included using the preprocessor directive #include to the source files that require them.

Compiler instructions usually only apply to certain sections of the source file. The specific compiler actions specified by the hints are determined by the specific implementation of the C compiler.

In the following example, the source program consists of two source files. Functions main and max presented in separate files. Function main uses the function max in the course of its implementation.

/* source file 1 - main function */

extern int max (int, int); /* function declaration */

main() /* function definition */

int w = ONE, x = TWO, y = THREE;

/* source file 2 - max function */

int max (a, b) /* function definition */

In the first source file, the function max declared but not defined. Such a function declaration is called a forward declaration; it allows the compiler to control the call to a function before it is defined. Function definition main contains function calls max.

Lines beginning with # are preprocessor directives. The directives tell the preprocessor to replace the identifiers ONE, TWO, THREE in the first source file with the corresponding values. The scope of the directives does not extend to the second source file.

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