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Superscript html. Html is - how to make text uppercase css

In the last video tutorial, we learned how to delete and add new information to new version HTML document, while reporting this search engines and highlighting visually so that visitors can also see the changes. For this, we used the del and ins tags.

In this video tutorial, we continue the topic of formatting text in an HTML document. We will get acquainted with two HTML tags that indicate the superscript and subscript of text.

The sup HTML tag is the superscript of text in HTML.

HTML tag intended to indicate superscript text in HTML. In some topics of sites, this tag will be simply indispensable. For example, if you have, or are planning, a site related to any formulas, mathematical or chemical. Or, if there is a construction site, then the tag will be very useful and will help in the design of articles, when writing formulas or any quantities, for example, square meters in construction topics.

But if your site does not belong to the listed topics, this does not mean that the tag won't be useful. It is enough to show imagination and ingenuity and find a use for this element.

The HTML sub tag is the subscript of text in HTML.

Regarding the HTML tag , then it is the opposite of the tag , and is responsible for specifying the subscript of the text. Subscript text can be used when writing formulas or mathematical equations. But besides this, perhaps you can find another use for the tag. .

The next Video Lesson is devoted to two more tags, which in some situations can be simply irreplaceable. Moreover, they are able not only to format the text, for example, in an article, but also when specifying various information on the site during page layout. One of the tags wraps in HTML , and the second one draws a horizontal line.

For several lessons, we've been getting really creative with text formatting with CSS, and this time we're learning how to change the case of text. In this regard, cascading style sheets open up very wide possibilities for us, and to be more precise, we can:

  • Display all text in capital letters;
  • Select all text in lower case;
  • Make the first letter of each word start with upper case.

"That's all well and good, but when might it be needed?" - you ask. Imagine a situation where you want to display all menu items in capital letters. To do this, it is not necessary to type them, including the CapsLock key, or while holding down the Shift button. It will be enough to set all list items to display in upper case by creating the corresponding rule in css file. And this is just one of many possible situations.

text-transform property

We will control the case of the text using the text-transform property. It has 4 main values ​​- uppercase (capital letters), lowercase (lowercase letters), capitalize (upper case for each first letter of the word, the rest of the values ​​do not change), none (no formatting is applied). At first glance, all this may seem very complicated to you.


The main thing is not to panic...

But in practice, everything is quite simple, as you will now see. The main thing is to choose the right selector, because the values ​​of the text-transform property are inherited.

Highlight in capital letters

The first thing I suggest is to set all the text to capital letters, for which we create the following css rule:

Body ( text-transform: uppercase; )

In principle, nothing complicated, we just used the uppercase value. As they say, everything is intuitive. Here's what it looks like in real life:


Everything is capitalized...

Lower case - apply to all

In the next step, let's apply lowercase letters everywhere, for which we write the following:

Body ( text-transform: lowercase; )

As you may have guessed, the two meanings we have just met are, to some extent, antonyms. And in the illustration below you can see the result of the just created given property.


Web page with lowercase enabled

Highlight the first letter of each word in uppercase

To do this, we just need to use the appropriate value:

Body ( text-transform: capitalize; )

I don’t know how often you will use such a CSS rule, but it won’t hurt you to know about such a possibility, especially when solving non-trivial tasks. The result is visible in the image below.


Text after applying capitalize

And finally, let's briefly dwell on the last value - none. As I said before, it can be used to remove inheritance from the parent. For example, let's imagine that we have all the previous rules, and for paragraphs we should cancel them, for this we write the following:

P ( text-transform: none; )

I dare to assume that everything is clear to you, if not, ask your questions in the comments. And that's all I have. I hope this CSS tutorial was helpful to you. If it is true:

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On this I do not say goodbye to you. Thank you for your attention and see you in the next posts!

The index in relation to the text is the offset of characters relative to the baseline up or down. Depending on the positive or negative value of the offset, the index is called the upper or lower index, respectively. They are actively used in mathematics, physics, chemistry and to denote units of measurement. HTML offers two elements to create an index: (from English superscript) - superscript and (from English subscript) - subscript. Text placed in one of these containers is denoted smaller size than the base text and is moved up or down relative to it. Example 1 shows sharing the specified elements and styles to change the appearance of the text.

Example 1: Creating a Superscript and a Subscript

Superscript and subscript

Characteristic equation of the surface of the second degree

λ 3-I 1λ 2+ I 2λ - I 3 = 0

In the example, both subscript and superscript occur at the same time. To change the font style of the index, styles are applied that define a single design (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. The appearance of indexes after applying styles

You can opt out of using and in favor of styles. An analogue of these elements is the vertical-align property, which makes the text move vertically by a given distance. In particular, example 2 uses 0.8em for the top index and -0.5em for the bottom index as the value. Em is a relative unit equal to the size of the current font. For example, 0.5em means that the text should be shifted by half the font size.

Example 2: Using Styles to Manage Indexes

Superscript and subscript

degree polynomial n

f(x) = a 0+a 1 x + ... + a n-1 x n-1+ a n x n

In the example, the formula itself is displayed in an enlarged size, the superscript characters are set to red, and the lower ones are blue (Fig. 2).

CSS allows flexible customization of text, which is represented using the HMTL language. Today we will look at the effect of the "text-transform" property, which makes it possible to change the case of the font. This option is supported by all modern browsers and is included in the specification for all versions of CSS.

Purpose

The "text-transform" property can take three main values ​​and two additional ones. For example, you can assign upper case to all selected text. Or you can give a command opposite to the previous property, where all characters become lowercase. You can make an appointment using any method convenient for you. For example, using inline styles. Or you can create

A separate file with a description of all properties. Which assignment method to use is up to you. "Text-transform" can take the following values:

  • uppercase. Makes all selected characters capitalized. In CSS, uppercase is a common occurrence, as this value helps solve many complex text-related tasks.
  • lowercase. This property is completely opposite to the uppercase command.
  • capitalize. Changes the case of the first letter to upper case. The rest of the characters will not change.
  • None. Allows you to undo all assigned values ​​(required to predefine a property). Usually, given value is set by default.
  • Inherit. Inherits all properties from the parent element. Note that IE does not support this property.

Application

With CSS, uppercase (or similar effects) is set with one simple command. Therefore, there is no need to change or rewrite the entire text. If we are talking about a one-page site, then this property may not be useful. But when you have a huge portal under your control, where you need to correct the case of letters in certain fragments, then "text-transform" becomes the only effective means. For example, you need to fix the font in the "h2" heading tags. To do this, add the entry: "h2 ( text-transform: uppercase; )", and then all second-level headings will be uppercase.

Peculiarities

Some may think that manually processing text and changing the font using the "text-transform" property makes no difference. But it's not. If you change it manually to uppercase (uppercase), then when copying this information from your site, the characters will remain unchanged. If you use the CSS language, then everything happens differently. The "text-transform" property only visually changes the font for users. But in reality, the symbols remain unchanged. This happens to all values ​​of this property. The copied information (text) will have the original case, which is used in source code pages. This is the only difference between manual processing and using CSS commands.

It doesn't matter which one you want to use - lower case or upper case, the main thing is not to forget the purpose. For example, if you only need changes for a decorative purpose, then you can safely use the "text-transform" property. Well, if you know that your users will probably copy the information you posted, then it is best to manually change the case of all text. Indeed, sometimes readers do not notice such a substitution of the font. This is especially critical when it comes to important documents and similar information.



Converting a lowercase letter to lowercase and first uppercase using CSS (8)

There is no cap clause option in CSS. Other answers suggesting text-transform: capitalize are wrong because this setting uses every word for every word .

Here rude way to do it if you want to the first letter of each element was in uppercase, but it's definitely nowhere near the actual limits:

P ( text-transform: lowercase; ) p:first-letter ( text-transform: uppercase; )

THIS IS AN EXAMPLE SENTENCE.

THIS IS ANOTHER EXAMPLE SENTENCE. AND THIS IS ANOTHER, BUT IT WILL BE ENTIRELY LOWERCASE.

How to convert UPPERCASE letter to lowercase and first Uppercase letter for each sentence like below only with using CSS?

From: THIS IS A SAMPLE APP.

To: This is an example suggestion.

Update: when i use text-transform: capize; The result is still the same.

You can't do it purely with CSS. There is a text-transform attribute, but it only accepts none , capitalize uppercase , uppercase , lowercase , and inherit .

You might want to look into a JS solution or a server-side solution.

If you can make all characters lowercase on the server than you can apply:

Text-transform: capitalize

I don't think text conversion will work with capital letters as input.

If you want to use for it won't work for or text area you need to use Javascript

which should work well for or