Which element sets the superscript. Making upper case in css
Hello. Sometimes when creating web pages it is necessary to specify some words with using css uppercase or superscript. Let's see how it's done.
Upper and lower case using css
In general, even today it is possible required text tag and get the display you want, but let's also see how this can be done using css because the technique is a little different.
For example, you need to write the formula H 2 O in an html document. This is done like this:
- The formula itself is written
- Those words and numbers that need to be displayed in upper or lower index are enclosed in a span tag, which needs to be assigned some class. For example: characters to be output
- In css you need to set this element:
Top-index(
Vertical-align: super;
}
This property is responsible for the vertical alignment of text. Its value super specifies that the text will be displayed in superscript. But the font size remained the same as regular text. To make everything look nicer, you should also set the font size a little smaller using the font-size property.
This is how the property simply works. Accordingly, to output in subscript you need to write like this:
Top-index(
Vertical-align: sub;
}
The difference from similar HTML tags is that these rules do not change the font size, so if you need to do this, you will have to write a new size in the style sheet.
That's all you need to know about superscript and subscript in css. None additional features the property does not provide, and they are not needed. If you wish, you can design this text in a special way, but this is rarely necessary.
Where it might come in handy
Superscript and subscript text can be used when writing formulas, adding notes and notes to articles. For example, Wikipedia provides sources and notes for each article. As the article progresses, they are placed in the form of small superscripts. This does not irritate readers and at the same time allows you to give the articles the desired look.
The property is fully cross-browser and supported in all versions of CSS.
CSS allows for flexible customization of text, which is presented using the HMTL language. Today we will look at the effect of the “text-transform” property, which makes it possible to change the font case. This option is supported by all modern browsers and is included in the specification of all versions of CSS.
Purpose
The “text-transform” property can take three main values and two additional ones. For example, you can assign uppercase to all selected text. Or you can give the command the opposite of the previous property, where all characters become lowercase. You can make an appointment using any method convenient for you. For example, using inline styles. Or you can create
A separate file with a description of all properties. Which assignment method to use is up to you. "Text-transform" can take the following values:
- Uppercase. Makes all selected characters capitalize. Uppercase is a common value in CSS because it helps solve many complex text-related problems.
- Lowercase. This property is completely opposite to the uppercase command.
- Capitalize. Changes the case of the first letter to upper case. The remaining characters will not change.
- None. Allows you to undo all assigned values (needed to predefine a property). Usually, given value is installed by default.
- Inherit. Inherits all properties from the parent element. It should be noted that IE does not support this property.
Application
Using CSS, uppercase (or similar effects) are set with one simple command. Therefore, there is no need to change or rewrite all the text. If we are talking about a one-page site, then this property may not be useful. But when you control a huge portal where you need to correct the case of letters in certain fragments, then “text-transform” becomes the only effective tool. For example, you need to fix the font in the “h2” heading tags. To do this, you need to add the entry: “h2 ( text-transform: uppercase; )”, and then all second-level headings will be in upper case.
Peculiarities
Some may think that manually processing text and changing the font using the "text-transform" property makes no difference. But that's not true. If you manually change to capital letters (upper case), then when this information is copied from your site, the characters will remain unchanged. If you use CSS language, then everything happens differently. The “text-transform” property only changes the font visually for users. But in reality the symbols remain unchanged. This happens with all values of this property. The copied information (text) will have the original case used in source code pages. This is the only difference between manual processing and using CSS commands.
It doesn’t matter which one you want to use - lower or upper case, the main thing is not to forget the purpose. For example, if you need changes only for decorative purposes, then you can safely use the “text-transform” property. Well, if you know that your users will probably copy the information you post, then it is best to manually change the case of all text. After all, sometimes readers do not notice such a font substitution. This is especially critical when it comes to important documents and similar information.
HTML Tags And - Subscript and Superscript Text
Definition and Use
Tag defines interlinear text. Sublinear text is half the height and appears below the baseline. Interlinear text can be used when writing chemical formulas, such as H 2 O.
Tag defines superscript text. Superscript text is half the height and appears above the baseline. Superscript text can be used when writing footnotes, such as WWW.
Browser support
Tags And supported by all major browsers.
Differences Between HTML and XHTML
Standard Attributes
Column DTD specifies in which document type the HTML 4.01/XHTML 1.0 DTD attribute is allowed. S=Strict, T=Transitional and F=Frameset.
Tags And support the following standard attributes:
| Attribute | Meaning | Description | DTD |
|---|---|---|---|
| class | class_name | Specifies the class name for the element | STF |
| dir | rtl ltr |
Specifies the text direction for content in an element | STF |
| id | identifier | Specifies a unique identifier for an element | STF |
| lang | language_code | Specifies the language code for the element's content | STF |
| style | style_definition | Specifies an inline style for an element | STF |
| title | text | Indicates Additional information about the element | STF |
| xml:lang | language_code | Defines the language code for element content in XHTML documents | STF |
More information about Standard Attributes.
Event Attributes
Tags And support the following event attributes:
| Attribute | Meaning | Description | DTD |
|---|---|---|---|
| onclick | script | Script launched on mouse click | STF |
| ondblclick | script | Double-click script | STF |
| onmousedown | script | Script to run when mouse button is pressed | STF |
| onmousemove | script | Script to run when the mouse pointer moves | STF |
| onmouseout | script | Script to run when the mouse pointer moves outside of an element | STF |
| onmouseover | script | Script run when the mouse pointer moves over an element | STF |
| onmouseup | script | Script to run when mouse button is released | STF |
| onkeydown | script | Script run on keypress | STF |
| onkeypress | script | Script run when a key is pressed and then released | STF |
| onkeyup | script | Script to run when the key is released | STF |
More information about
For several lessons now we've been getting more sophisticated with formatting text using CSS, and this time we're learning how to change the case of text. In this regard, cascading style sheets open up very wide possibilities for us, and to be more precise, we can:
- Display all text in capital letters;
- Select all text in lowercase letters;
- Make sure that the first letter of each word starts with uppercase.
“This is all good, of course, but when might it be needed?” - you ask. Let's imagine a situation where you need to display all menu items in capital letters. To do this, it is not necessary to type them, including the CapsLock key, or while holding down the Shift button. It will be enough to set all list items to display in uppercase by creating the corresponding rule in CSS file. And this is just one of many possible situations.
text-transform property
We will control the case of the text using the text-transform property. It has 4 main values - uppercase (capital letters), lowercase (lowercase letters), capitalize (upper case for each first letter of the word, other values do not change), none (formatting is not applied). At first glance, all this may seem very complicated to you.
The main thing is not to panic... But in practice everything is quite simple, as you will now see. The main thing is to choose the right selector, because the values of the text-transform property are inherited.
Capitalize
First of all, I propose to set all text to capital letters, for which we create the following CSS rule:
Body ( text-transform: uppercase; )
In principle, nothing complicated, we just used the uppercase value. As they say, everything is intuitive. This is what it looks like in real life:
Everything with a capital letter... Lower case - apply to all
The next step is to apply lowercase letters everywhere by writing the following:
Body ( text-transform: lowercase; )
As you probably already guessed, the two meanings we just met are to some extent antonyms. And in the illustration below you can see the result of the newly created property.
Web page with lowercase enabled Capitalize the first letter of each word
To do this, we just need to use the corresponding value:
Body ( text-transform: capitalize; )
I don’t know how often you will use such a CSS rule, but it won’t hurt you to know about such a possibility, especially when solving non-trivial problems. The result can be seen in the image below.
Text after applying capitalize Finally, let's take a quick look at the last value - none. As I already said, it can be used to cancel inheritance from a parent. For example, let’s imagine that we have all the previous rules in effect, and for paragraphs we should cancel them, for this we write the following:
P (text-transform: none; )
I dare to assume that everything is clear to you, if not, ask your questions in the comments. And that's all for me. I hope this CSS tutorial was helpful to you. If it is true:
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This is where I don’t say goodbye to you. Thank you for your attention and see you in the next publications!
In the last video lesson we learned how to delete and add new information to new version HTML document, while reporting this search engines and highlighting visually so that visitors can also see the changes. For this, we used del and ins tags.
In this video tutorial we continue the topic of formatting text in an HTML document. We'll look at two HTML tags that indicate the superscript and subscript of text.
The sup HTML tag is the superscript of text in HTML.
HTML tag is intended to indicate the superscript of text in HTML. In some website topics, this tag will be simply irreplaceable. For example, if you have, or are planning, a website related to any formulas, mathematical or chemical. Or, if there is a construction-related site, then the tag will be very useful and will help when preparing articles, when writing formulas or any quantities, for example, square meters in construction topics.
But if your site does not relate to the listed topics, this does not mean that the tag won't be useful. It is enough to show imagination and ingenuity and find a use for this element.
HTML sub tag is a subscript of text in HTML.
Regarding the HTML tag , then it is the opposite of the tag , and is responsible for indicating the subscript of the text. Subscript text can be used when writing formulas or mathematical equations. But besides this, perhaps you can find other uses for the tag .
The next Video Lesson is dedicated to two more tags, which in some situations can be simply irreplaceable. Moreover, they are capable of not only formatting text, for example, in an article, but also when indicating various information on the site during page layout. One of the tags carries out the translation into HTML, and the second draws a horizontal line.
