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Wiring rj 45 sockets. Computer socket rj45 and how to connect it

Annotation: This work describes and illustrates the procedure for crimping (crimping) a twisted pair cable intended for PC-HUB connection with control of the correct crimping. The following shows how to crimp a Category 5 outlet to an RJ45 connector. TO laboratory work there is a video.

Straight wire crimping according to T568B standard

When installing local networks today, the most common unshielded twisted pair cable is category 5 (CAT-5E) - Fig. 4.1.

Rice. 4.1.

The crimping of such a cable for connecting a PC (PC) to a HUB (HUB) according to the T568B standard is shown in Fig. 4.2.

Rice. 4.2.

Note

Crimping (crimping) according to version T568A is a standard used in the USA and Canada, and in Russia, the T568B standard is mainly used.

To crimp (crimp) a twisted pair, you will need a pair of RJ-45 connectors and special pliers (crimper) - Fig. 2.3-2.5.

Rice. 4.3.

Rice. 4.4.

Rice. 4.5.

Sequence of actions when crimping:

Carefully cut the end of the cable using the cutter built into the crimping tool.
Remove the insulation from the cable using the knife built into the crimping tool.
Separate and unravel the wires, align them in one row. Nip the wires so that a little more than a centimeter remains (see note).
Insert the wires into the RJ-45 connector. Make sure all wires are fully inserted into the connector and rest against its front wall.
Insert the connector into the connector crimper.
Press the pliers so that the connector contacts clamp the conductors inside it.

Note

Rice. 4.7.

There are many testers on sale for testing RJ-45 twisted pairs of varying levels of complexity and price range. However, their operating principle is similar. For example, the FA-7012B cable tester consists of 2 functional blocks - a transmitter and a receiver, which are connected to the ends of the cable line via RJ-45 or RJ-12 connectors. It detects broken pairs, shorted pairs, reversed wires within a pair, reversed pairs, and reversed wires between different pairs. The device also allows you to check the integrity of the cable shield. The transmitter unit sequentially queries the status of each wire in the cable, and the receiver unit returns a response for the pair that is not in use at a particular moment. Consecutive lighting of the LEDs indicates correct connection. The device is powered by 1 9 V Krona battery.

Crimp a Category 5 socket to an RJ45 connector

Standard scheme for connecting a PC to a local or global network shown in Fig. 4.8.

Rice. 4.8.

Just like the cable itself, twisted pair, network sockets differ by category. Ideally, for a professional installation you will need: a Category 5e RJ-45 wall mount receptacle, a twisted pair stripper and trimmer, a twisted pair termination tool, 4-pair Category 5e UTP cable, and cable markers (Fig. 4.9).

Rice. 4.9.

All contacts in Category 5 sockets are numbered, so there should be no problems with cable routing.

Situation 1. Socket with one socket for 8 wires (video)

To work, you will need a screwdriver with a flat thin tip, the thickness not exceeding the diameter of the copper conductor of the twisted pair - fig. 4.10. You can also push the wires into the slots of the socket with a knife with a thin blade, for example, a stationery knife, in which the blade extends.

Rice. 4.10.

The cable is prepared for cutting; its outer sheath is removed to a length of no more than 3 cm. Pairs are unraveled to a length of no more than 13-15 mm. Next, according to the color scheme, the conductors are inserted into the comb one by one, tucked in with the side plane of the screwdriver blade, and then pushed in with the end of the blade until it stops. In special cases (if necessary), two twisted pair cables mounted on one plug can be inserted into one socket (Fig. 4.11).

Rice. 4.11.

It is clear that the information speed with such an installation will not be 100, but 10 Mbit/sec.

To beautifully organize the connection point of a computer or other device to a wired local network or an Internet cable, a special socket with an RJ 45 connector is installed on the wall.

In this case, the interior will not be spoiled by the hanging “tails” of the cable, and the likelihood of their damage will be reduced to zero. In this article we will discuss connecting an RJ 45 socket.

Computer sockets are available in a variety of designs. Based on the number of connectors, they are divided into:

single;
double;
terminal: have from 4 to 8 connectors.

By placement:

Built-in: the main part of the socket is hidden in a recess in the wall; only a decorative overlay panel remains outside. To lay a cable to such an outlet, you have to cut a wall.
Invoices: the entire socket is in plain sight (screwed to the wall). The cable to is not laid along the wall in a box or openly (fixed with clips). You won’t have to hit the wall, but such an outlet will look worse than a built-in one.

Also, computer sockets may differ in the type of connectors. In addition to RJ 45 type sockets, connectors for connecting audio systems, telephones, etc. can be installed in them.

Another distinctive feature of computer sockets is the category. It must match the network bandwidth:

The installer will need:

screwdrivers: slotted and Phillips;
stripper - a tool for removing insulation from wires (can be replaced with a knife);
crimper: tool for installing an RJ45 lug on an Ethernet cable;
tool for wall grooves, if necessary: a hammer drill, an angle grinder with a stone disc, or a wall chaser (depending on the wall material).

In addition to the tools you will need:

Ethernet cable (“twisted pair”) of the same category as the computer outlet;
switch (also called a router or router): required if you connect a socket with several RJ 45 connectors or several single sockets;
RJ 45 connectors (when connected via a switch);

You also need to purchase a box or corrugated pipe: the first is used when laying cables along the wall, the second - in a groove.

Work order

Before proceeding with the actual installation computer socket, you need to do the following:

For a built-in socket: knock out a recess in the wall for the inside of the product and install a socket box in it. The recess is made with a hammer drill.
Cutting recesses and channels (grooves) in the wall is accompanied by the formation of a large amount of dust, so before starting work you should remove furniture and equipment from the room or cover it with plastic wrap.
Lay an Ethernet cable to the socket installation location.

Connecting an RJ-45 socket: diagram

Let's consider two options:

A single socket is installed. In this case, a cable is laid that was brought into the premises by the provider. In this case, the location for the socket must be chosen so that a cable “tail” of at least 20 cm long remains in the socket box (for ease of installation).
A socket with several connectors or several sockets is installed. In this option, a switch is first installed in a convenient place and the cable brought into the room by the provider is connected to one of its ports. Next, several cables are laid from the switch - according to the number of connectors in the socket. Each cable is connected to a separate switch port.

If a switch with a Wi-Fi transmitter is used, it cannot be installed in a metal cabinet.

The Ethernet cable should be laid away from electrical wires, otherwise they will cause interference. If it is not possible to maintain a sufficient distance, use a shielded cable.

The following laying options are used:

on the wall: in a box or simply on special clips;
inside the wall (a groove is cut): in a corrugated pipe, which will make it possible, if something happens, to replace the cable without opening the groove;
under the baseboard;
behind the suspended ceiling.

Do not bend the cable, since its cores are quite thin (designed for low currents) and therefore can easily break.

Connecting a Legrand computer socket

Legrand products combine affordable prices, high quality, great variety and successful design, therefore it is one of the most popular.

It would be logical to consider the installation procedure using the example of a socket of this brand:

If it is expected hidden installation, the ethernet cable inserted into the socket is cut to a length of 20 cm. At this length, it is convenient to work and the cable will fit in the socket. If this is a cable brought into the premises by the provider, then before cutting the RJ 45 lug installed on it, you should remember the order of the cores (based on the color marking of the insulation). The wires are connected to the socket in the same order, otherwise there will be a discrepancy with the order of the wires at the opposite end of the cable (it is plugged into the provider switch) and the network will be inoperable.
The end of the cable is removed from the insulation and shielding layer, if any, with a stripper or knife to a length of 2 cm. Core insulation, marked different colors, no need to remove.
The veins are unbraided (they are twisted in pairs) and lined up in in the right order. Their ends are cut with a crimper at right angles to the axis of the wires.
Having freed the socket from the front panel, turn it with its back side and unscrew the lock located there counterclockwise. This will release part of the clamping mechanism - it must be removed.
After threading the cable through the hole, insert the wires into the terminals. Those are also color coded, but it is not necessary to follow this marking. Remember that when connecting an Internet cable, the cores are installed in the order in which the provider installed them when installing the RJ45 tip.
The removed part of the clamp is returned to its place and the latch is turned clockwise. In this case, the cable will be crimped: miniature blades will pierce the insulation and plunge into the conductors, ensuring high-quality electrical contact.
Next, check the functionality of the outlet. To do this, you need to connect your computer to it with a patch cord or Wi-Fi router and make sure you have an Internet connection.

If everything works, the socket is installed in the socket box. To ensure that it fits completely there, the cable in the socket box is distributed evenly, while avoiding kinks. Next, screw the frame with self-tapping screws and install the decorative panel.

Installation in cabinets

To mount the Internet socket in the cabinet, special DIN buses are produced. Let us remind you that you cannot install a router with a Wi-Fi transmitter in a metal cabinet: metal walls absorb the radio signal.

The cable is connected to the outlet according to the diagram described above.

Switching

An important point - the order lived when connected to an outlet. For the Internet cable, follow the procedure adopted by the provider when installing the connector. In other cases, they act in accordance with the purpose of the outlet.

When connecting an outlet to a switch (router)

The cores are installed in the same order in which they are installed in the RJ45 tip from the switch side (direct connection).

The sequence of colors can be arbitrary, but to avoid mistakes in the future it is better to adhere to the generally accepted scheme:

white-orange;
orange;
white-green;
blue;
white-blue;
green;
white-brown;
brown.

If the outlet is installed to connect a computer to a computer

In this case, a cross connection is used: on one side of the cable the conductors are placed in the indicated order, on the other, the white-green and green conductors are swapped, respectively, with the white-orange and orange.

After installing a computer socket, the user does not have to worry about the safety of the cable: completely hidden in a box or wall, it will not be damaged during cleaning or due to repeated kinks when dragging. In addition, the socket looks more aesthetically pleasing than a protruding cable “tail”.

In a modern house or apartment, it is impossible to get by with just one electrical outlet.
Computers, telephones and modems require completely different elements to connect a high-speed electronic signal. One of the elements of such fittings that may be needed when connecting several computers into one network is an rj45 socket. How to connect this device will be described in detail below.

This fitting element is designed to transmit a computer signal from one system unit to another. One of the most frequently installed devices is a combined computer-TV socket. The ease of use of this element is achieved by installing an rj11 telephone connector in one housing. Such a device allows you not only to connect your computer to home network, but also to make the connection landline phone with the network.

Before you find out how to connect such a device, you need to understand what models of computer fittings exist.

Types of rj45 socket

The rj45 computer socket can be of a surface-mounted type or for installation using internal mounting. If you plan to install an internal model, then.

To install an external computer outlet, you do not need to make holes in the wall, but a cable channel located along the wall will significantly spoil the entire interior of the room. The external method is more suitable when you need to install a large number of computers connected to one network. If necessary, adding another computer to the system will not be difficult. It will be enough to connect the cable section to the extreme device.

Combined sockets with external RJ11 are also in demand for connecting computers in the office.
Connecting together with a computer and a telephone allows you to rationally use the space on your desktop and, if necessary, easily disconnect the device from the network.
Sockets for connecting a computer can be single or double.

If you need to connect more than one computer to the network at one workplace, then the dual model will completely eliminate the various devices that are used to increase the number of ports.

Computer socket wiring

Correct installation, regardless of the model of the element being installed, will allow you to safely use expensive computer equipment. If the computer socket is not connected correctly, sensitive microprocessor equipment may be damaged. The signal is transmitted from one outlet to another using a twisted pair cable.
This connection allows you to transmit a high-speed signal over a distance of up to 100 meters without loss of quality.
The connection cable for this device contains 4 pairs of colored wires, which makes it much easier correct installation. The pinout of the connector depends on the device connection standard.
The T568A connector has the following pinout:
1 contact - white-green.
2 - green.
3 - white-orange.
4 - blue.
5 - white and blue.
6 - orange.
7 - white-brown.
8 - brown.

If the T568B standard is used (used more often), then the wiring is as follows:
1 contact - white-orange wire.
Pin 2 - orange.
3 - white-green.
4 - blue.
5 - white and blue.
6 - green.
7 - white-brown.
8 - brown.

These pinout options are interchangeable and completely identical in signal transmission quality.

Connecting the socket to the cable

When connecting, the computer socket must be connected to the cable in such a way that inadvertent loss of the conductor from the clamping contact is completely prevented. To do this, you must correctly connect the device to the high-speed cable. The connection is made using a special plug. The plug should be of the required size; the thickness of the tool tip should not exceed the diameter of the wire.

The cable installation is carried out in the following sequence:

Every twisted pair needs to be loosened slightly.
The wires are inserted into the mount according to the pinout.
Using a plug, each wire is pressed into the clamp.

Some installers, in order to save money, use a slotted screwdriver of the appropriate size instead of a special plug. But this method is artisanal, sometimes leading to wire breakage or weakening of the clamp contacts. Although there is also a place to live.

When connecting the cable, there is no need to strip the wires. The knives that are built into the connector clamp reliably cut through the insulating shell.

Wall socket installation

Computer and externally. How to install this element depends on personal preferences and the advisability of using a particular model of such a device.
If we install the device in a room that is designed to accommodate a large number of computers, then the most suitable option would be to use external device. To fasten such an element, you need to install the cable into the connector, then use two dowels to fasten the inside of the socket to the wall. The next, final stage will be the installation of the decorative part of the computer socket.
To install the internal structure you will need to spend a significant amount of money. large quantity time.
Such a device is connected to the cable in the manner described above, but the actual installation of this element to the wall is done completely differently. Installation of the internal model is carried out in the following sequence:

A cutout is made in the wall using a hammer drill with a crown attachment, the inside of which is then removed using a chisel and hammer.
A groove is made to the wall from one computer outlet to another. If you are connecting a high-speed Internet connection or telephone cable to the rj11 connector, you will need to lead the strobe to the communication junction box.
A socket box is installed in the hole made and fixed with gypsum mortar.
The cable for connecting the computer is fed through the groove, taken out into the installation box and connected to the outlet.
The socket is installed in the installation box and is securely fixed using screws.
A decorative plastic trim is installed.

Despite the more complex option for installing a hidden computer socket, the use of this installation method can significantly improve the aesthetic qualities of such a connection.
How to connect a computer rj45 is described in detail in this article. If the installation is carried out according to all the rules, the socket will last for a long time, without any disruptions in operation, and network play will be possible even if the second computer is in another room.

Despite the rapid development wireless communications, RJ-45 outlets are still a must-have element of a modern building's structured cabling system. We suggest considering their structure, types, pinout options and installation methods. The apparent simplicity of the question can be misleading, since there are certain nuances that need to be paid attention to.

Design features

Despite the variety of types of twisted pair sockets, their design is almost identical, with the exception of small details. As an example, let's look at a typical external single-port device.

Rice. 1. Basic elements of an external RJ-45 socket

Designations:

A – plastic cover.
B – base.
C – functional board with a standard connector installed on it.
D – convectors for connecting twisted pair cables.
E – tie for fixing the cable.
F – connector for connector.

Externally, the socket resembles an RJ-11 telephone standard; the main difference is the number of connector pins, there are eight of them, not four. Accordingly, a computer socket can be used as a telephone socket, but not vice versa.

Different types of devices may have minor characteristic features, but the overall design concept remains the same.

Types and characteristics

The main parameters of these switching devices are determined by the following criteria:

Number of ports.
Category.
Execution.

Let's briefly talk about each of them.

More doesn't mean better.

One of the main parameters is the number of ports. As a rule, there can be from one to four. If you need to use larger number connections, it is easier to install a patch panel, but such a need indicates ill-conceived network wiring. In addition, it should be taken into account that a large number of patch cords connected nearby causes some inconvenience.

Rice. 2. Krauler 4-port external socket

In practice, when organizing an office or home LAN, one and two-unit modules are mainly used.

This parameter is directly related to the characteristics of the cable used for installation computer network. We are talking about bandwidth, which determines both the data transfer speed and the ability to use special network technologies. Below is a table that shows the relationship between category and bandwidth.

Currently, when installing a LAN, cables with a category lower than 5e are practically not used.

Execution.

The method of mounting the switching device depends on this parameter. There are two versions:

for external (outdoor) installation (such sockets are shown in Figures 1 and 2);
for indoor installation.

Internal two-port RJ-45 socket disassembled and assembled

As a rule, the choice of one version or another depends on how the LAN wiring is done. If it is external (for example, laid in boxes), external sockets are used. In cases where hidden wiring is done, the internal devices look more aesthetically pleasing.

Separately, it is necessary to highlight the sockets that are installed directly on the box. Technically, such execution can be considered both internal and external.

On specifications LAN execution has no effect.

Modular designs.

Speaking about performance, we cannot fail to mention modular designs. This solution allows you to assemble a socket in a standard case for a specific combination, for example, install it in RJ-45 and RJ-11 modules or with different categories.

RJ-45 pinout

There should be no problems with this, since opposite each contact group color coding is provided that corresponds to the T568A and T568B standards (can be marked with the letters “A” and “B”, as in the figure below).

It doesn’t matter which standard is used, the main thing is that it is the same type for the LAN, in otherwise problems are guaranteed. It is believed that we have adopted a “crimp” type T568B, but this is a rather conditional statement.

If you do not know which standard your provider uses, then you can install it using the pinout of the connector installed on the cable entering the apartment.

Detailed connection instructions

Let's start with the tool that you will need to seal twisted pair sockets. Ideally, it is advisable to purchase a universal extractor (shown in Figure 9). It allows you to press and cut the rest of the wire in one movement. Thanks to Chinese manufacturers, such a universal tool costs about 3-4 dollars. The price of branded products can be 2-3 times more expensive.

Rice. 9. Universal extractor

This tool has a special mechanism that allows you to press the wire between two contact knives and cut off its excess (3 in Fig. 9). In addition, it is equipped with a flat screwdriver (2) and a hook (1), which allows you to remove the wire if it is incorrectly terminated. The cost of a universal extractor is relatively low, but the benefits are quite tangible.

No less useful are universal insulation stripping pliers. They cost about the same as an extractor and can cut Ø3.5-9 mm cables such as UTP, STP, FTP. It is possible to adjust the depth of the cut.

It is not advisable to use a knife to strip the insulation, since in this case there is a high probability of damaging one of the twisted pair wires.

Having dealt with the necessary tools, let's move on to the algorithm for embedding a twisted pair cable into a switching device. We will assume that the cable has already been laid and the outlet space has been prepared. The procedure is as follows:

Using universal pliers, cut off the outer insulation layer from the end of the wire. It is enough to expose 4-5 centimeters. You need to act carefully so as not to damage the wires. If this happens, trim the damaged area, adjust the depth of the cut and repeat the operation.
After removing the insulation, level each pair. Please note that there is no need to clean them. Each pad contact has special micro knives that cut the insulation and ensure reliable contact and fixation of the wire.
We disassemble the socket. To do this, remove the front panel. To do this, you will need to unscrew the fixing screw or unfasten special latches (depending on the design). If you are using a modular socket, you will need to remove the modules from it.
We fix the cable on the module using a tie (E in Fig. 1) or another method provided by the design.
We insert the wires into the clamps, and it is necessary to adhere to the color markings of the selected standard. Do not try to recess the veins deeply; it is enough to simply fix them with a little force (A Fig. 11).
Using an extractor, we perform pressing (B in Fig. 11).

Rice. 11. A – cable with wires routed to clamps, B – pressed in with an extractor

At this stage we will do small retreat, regarding the use of improvised means for pressing. Sometimes you can find advice in which, in the absence of the necessary tool for pressing, it is recommended to use a utility knife or a thin slotted screwdriver. This approach can only be used as a last resort, when access to the network is urgently needed, but there is no tool at hand. But in the future, such a socket must be clamped. Otherwise, there is a high probability of losing contact between the wire and the latch after some time.

We also note that many branded manufacturers include a simple plastic extractor for each socket, which allows you to securely seal the wire, after which all that remains is to carefully trim off the excess.

After pressing, the module is installed in place. If the socket is external, then its base is screwed to the prepared area, so that the cable is supplied from above, and the connector is from below. When installing an internal socket, its base is installed in a prepared glass and fixed in it.
We fasten the front panel and then check its functionality. This can be done using a special tester, but it’s easier to connect a computer and check for a network connection. If problems arise, first of all check the correctness of the pinout; as practice shows, in 90% of cases the reason lies precisely in this.

When using a shielded cable, you must install an appropriate socket that has a shield connection. Otherwise, it turns into a large antenna, which will immediately affect the bandwidth, and, consequently, the data transfer speed. For the same reason, you should not use an STP or FTP cable if ungrounded equipment is connected to it.

Twisted pair LAN technology requires the use of continuous lines. Twists and adhesions are unacceptable; this leads to serious losses. If it becomes necessary to extend a piece of cable, special connectors should be used for this purpose.

Rice. 12. Twisted pair connectors

These devices are a box in which a board is installed with two RJ-45 connectors (A in Fig. 12), or twisted pair clamps, like sockets (B in Fig. 12).

It is not recommended to use sockets with more than two ports in domestic conditions. A large number of patch cords in one place will cause them to become tangled. It is better to space the sockets some distance apart.

There are two main types of sockets - for hidden and external cable routing. In this case, we consider independent crimping of a hidden RJ45 network socket. But there are no fundamental differences from the second one in the execution of work, with the exception of the presence of additional work on installing the socket box! Therefore, focusing on this example, you can easily crimp a power socket of a hidden or external type yourself.

So, let's start with the fact that the twisted pair is brought out into the socket box.

If the ends of the cable are too long, they can be cut off.

After this, remove the top layer of insulation. There are special tools for this. If they are not there, then a similar operation can be performed using a regular stationery knife. The main thing is not to damage the twisted pair wires! Otherwise, the cable will have to be cut again and stripped of the outer insulation again.

It is not necessary to “fluff” the twisted pair at this step!

Next we will need the power socket. This Schneider power socket model uses a clamping mechanism for crimping cables. The clips in the photo below are raised. By the way, they also have a pinout diagram that will be needed in further work.

We insert a twisted pair cable through a special hole in the clamp.

Next, the cable needs to be fluffed up. Those. separate paired wires. After this, we install each individual wire in the corresponding color socket on the latch. At this stage, a reasonable question of choosing a pinout may arise. On the color scheme drawn on the socket body, there are two options - scheme A and scheme B. The maximum connection speed depends on the correct choice of pinout. Those. instead of a gigabit you can get 100Mbit, or instead of 100MBit you can get only 10.

It’s easy to determine the desired pinout! To do this, you should look at the crimped end of the patch cord you have (for example, cut off from the cable) and look at how the wires are located there. If, as in the photo below, then crimping the power socket should be done according to diagram “A”

If the first wire in the connector is “white-orange”, then we use circuit “B”.

In general, we insert the wires into the holes corresponding to the color of the selected circuit.

Next we snap the latch.

You can trim off excess wires for aesthetics.

If necessary, we crimp the second socket in a similar way.

Next, install the socket in the socket box. In this case, it is attached with screws to the body of the external unit for external wiring. If the installation is carried out in a regular socket box, then the Schneider power socket has clamping “ears” that perfectly fix it in this case.