3d animation. Animation in 3D

Creating a three-dimensional character for a logo or commercial is only half the battle. As soon as the appearance of your character is ready, agreed and approved, the fun begins - the creation of 3d animation. This is a time-consuming and incredibly interesting process, which ultimately allows you to "revive" any idea.. For example, teach a character to talk to a client, be sad and happy, think and move, "get into" adventures and show on your fingers how to apply your product.

The work of 3d animators is a colossal work that allows you to create not just a moving picture, but also a completely reliable reality around. How three-dimensional animation is created and what miracles can be done skillfully, we will analyze in more detail in the article.

To quote Dr. Frankenstein: it's alive!

Animation of three-dimensional objects differs significantly from 2d animation - "flat" cartoons, where the volume was achieved with the help of perspective and the correct painting of characters and the environment. Today, technology allows you to immediately show its shape with lighting and camera movement. In this case, the concept of animation changes:

2d animation- creating the illusion of movement or changing the shape of objects using techniques.

animation 3d— automatic movement or transformation of objects in space and time.

Simply put, before it was necessary to draw the movement of each character frame by frame. Now it is enough to create a three-dimensional model of the character, after which it can be moved in space without additional efforts and drawings. But it’s easy to say, but in reality, animating a 3d model of characters is a rather complicated process. To make the figurine move, it is not enough to have access to a computer and smart programs. You also need to imagine how the hero can move, what forces affect him (not those that are higher, but, for example, gravity, the force of friction and resistance).

If you want to get with character, it is important to turn to animators who are aware of all the subtleties and are ready to fanatically work out every detail. Not only gait, but also facial expressions, and the movement of hairs, and the sliding of fabric (if the hero, of course, wears clothes).

To take into account everything at once, you need to be a little magician and a little genius - quite a good description for the animators of the KLONA studio.

How to create non-zombies: features of 3d character animation

As modern wisdom says: nothing is a zombie but a zombie. And if your hero is not him, then the animation of the character should be “live”, or, as they say now, verbal. The viewer must believe that the hero is really walking, looking, grimacing or smiling. interacts with the environment.

The creation and animation of a 3d character is the creation of a story that is told not by words on paper (or screen), but by movement. For example, a character's facial expressions can say a lot about a character. But for this, he must have a sufficiently “quality” face to make the muscles move.

When the question is approached without due diligence or at half strength, as a rule, something is obtained at least unnatural, and sometimes even frightening.

Therefore, let's take as a starting point, and see what can be done with it:

1. Animate by keyframes;
2. Animate along a path;
3. Create animation in a dynamic environment;
4. Animate using motion capture.

Each of the ways is easiest to explain, considering not only the technology, but also examples.

Keyframe animation: from point A to point B

- one of the most common ways to create 3D character animation. The essence of the method is this: on the time scale, several main points are set at which the position or shape of the object changes. The animator sets the required parameters of the model in the specified frames, and the program calculates the "intermediate" states automatically.

Example: For simplicity, let's take a rubber ball that hits the ground and bounces up. To display one such "jump", the process must be broken down into three stages: the ball at the top - the ball on the ground - the ball again at the top. In a good way, you should set more key frames, take into account a bunch of little things. Like the fact that when falling, the rubber case is stretched, and when it is hit, it is flattened.

If you correctly deform the object at each fixed point in time, the 3d animation will turn out to be as natural as possible.

Not always 3d models of characters are people or animals. Our hero can be any object, for example, a flying camera or a UFO (in general, everything that is enough for fantasy). In this case, flashing lights and rotating along the axis will not be enough - not interesting. But to make the object fly along the trajectory, and even “send” the camera to monitor the movement, approaching and moving away in time ...

And skillful handling of focus (that's exactly what a 3d animation studio should be able to do) will turn a simple circling of an object in space into an almost fascinating blockbuster.

The essence of the method is to:

• set the starting point (beginning of the object's path);
• designate the trajectory (the path that the object makes);
• specify the end point (where the model should stop).

After the character/object is “attached” to the trajectory, the program itself calculates and creates the movement. If you add the animation of the object itself (flapping wings, opening airlocks, retracting the landing gear) and “playing” with the camera, you can achieve very interesting effects.

The CLONE studio team knows exactly how to make a simple movement along a laid route and breathtakingly dynamic.

Our hero is not in a vacuum. Any character is surrounded by some kind of reality, in which there is necessarily gravity (if it is not in space), the movement of air masses and other types of vibrations. All this should be taken into account so that the character animation is realistic enough.

What does the result of such an animation look like and where can it be observed?

In details. When a character walks through the city, and the cloak flutters in the wind, or when the hair sticks to the face under water, all this is achieved thanks to animation taking into account environmental factors.

Strictly speaking, animation in dynamic environment- rather computational work with deep immersion in the physical characteristics of objects. But without all this, even the most detailed 3d modeling will not make the character come alive.

Motion capture: turning a movie into a cartoon

Motion capture technology- young, but very popular. Today, motion capture is used in almost all science fiction films. The essence of this method is extremely simple:

• sensors are attached to the actor;
• while the actor is moving, the cameras record the positions of the sensors;
• their displacement is processed by the program and creates a moving "skeleton" with a set of key frames;
• the resulting information package is “wrapped” with a shell - for this, 3d character modeling is used.

As a result, the actions of the hero are realistic, convincing, and the animators do not have to deal with physics and remember where something bends.

Aurora 3D Animation Maker is an application for creating full-fledged 3D animations that can bring life and spice to any modern website, presentation or any other interactive project. The program can create banners, text with interesting effects, various logos and buttons. For beginners, it will be interesting in terms of converting text into a bewitching 3D animation and further placement on the site.

But the possibilities of Aurora 3D Animation Maker do not end there! Perhaps you need to create a creative logo? This program allows you to create stunning 3D objects by giving your text or logo a presentational style. In doing so, the application offers the wonders of animation to bring your web-based creations to life even more. For example, play with particle properties to create fireworks, falling snow, raging flames, or a mesmerizing void.

Or apply elements of rotation or fall, such as jump and swirl. Once you've got the final result, Aurora 3D Animation Maker makes it easy to include your animation on your site, with comprehensive options to display the result as a Flash or an animated GIF.

The program interface is convenient and quite understandable even for the average user. To get started with the software, you first need to download Aurora 3D Animation Maker in Russian (available on our website), then start a new project using a blank page or by selecting a template from a wide range of options. Now you can add text, create frames, particles, icons and lights, change colors, images, import pictures and 3D models. To check the results obtained, it is possible preview animations.

In addition, you can undo and redo, lock, resize (for example, you can adjust the width, height, resolution, aspect ratio), choose a different background (for example, use a gradient, image, video), and switch to another GUI language (Russian language available).

Aurora 3D Animation Maker's animation-related tools include a help file to make things easier for beginners.

Conclusions: in the testing mode, the program did not bug or crash, showed a slight consumption of system resources, demonstrated good time response when buttons are pressed. The output animations were of good and competitive quality.. All in all, this website animation and 3D effects software should cater to advanced users by providing flexible and functional settings.

Creating 3D models is a long and painstaking work that can last for days and requires extraordinary perseverance from a person. And the creation of 3D animation takes even more effort and time. However, many users want to learn programs to create 3D animation. Someone is interested in it as a hobby, but someone sees it as great source income. However, only a few master this art - and not only because of the complexity. Most programs are expensive and not worth buying for people who don't do it professionally.

Application of 3D animation

3D animation is used in almost all spheres of our life, including in marketing:

• Increasingly, brands are choosing 3D animation to create colorful commercials - it does not limit the imagination of artists and allows you to realize any ideas;
• for quick size matching of banner and sign layouts outdoor advertising 3D graphics are also used;
• no screensaver of a TV show, news or video is complete without 3D graphics;

• restaurant and shop owners not only order 3D videos, but prefer to turn to 3D modelers for visualization of the future institution;
• manufacturing companies use 3D to better promote their products (in catalogs, presentations);
• designers and architects they constantly use 3D graphics to visualize their projects - people perceive images close to photography much easier than complex drawings.

3D animated videos have many advantages over regular videos. For example, they can be used to create a whole new world, populated by impressive characters. In details about Read the benefits of 3D animation in our article.

Simple programs for creating 3d animation

Simple Programs offer users prefab kits(libraries). You can edit the model a little and get your own unique object. These programs are most often used for rendering interiors and other concepts. With their help, it is quite simple to make an animation, although they do not give so much scope for creativity. Such programs allow even beginners to quickly join the world of 3D animation.

DAZ Studio

This program is very convenient for animation, because this is almost its only function - in DAZ Studio there are no tools for self-simulation. Users are offered ready-made characters that can be modified and placed on stage. The Genesis package provides a set of handy tools for detailed editing appearance human model.

The program is distributed free of charge, but has a lot of paid additional objects (cars, accessories, animals): from $1 to $73.

iClone

Unlike many 3D animation software, iClone allows you to immediately see the result of the work(what you see is what you get). Instant rendering greatly speeds up the work. Often used to create small 3D video games. It has high functionality for facial and skeletal animation of people and animals, lighting adjustment, camera movement and character customization.

Blender

Allows you to create full-fledged 3D games thanks to a set of tools for modeling particles (water, fire, smoke), hair and body movement. The program provides a variety of preset movement patterns- the user does not have to prescribe a simple animation of the character's walk. It has a large library from which users can download natural objects (trees, terrain, clouds) and various textures. The advantage of the program is the built-in ability to edit videos.

Aurora 3D Animation Maker

Simple and useful program to create 3D text animation. With its help, you can make a beautiful three-dimensional logo, three-dimensional text, and allows you to create an imitation of smoke. Due to its simplicity, the program is often used to create presentations and intros on YouTube channels.

Professional programs for creating 3D animation

There are also more sophisticated professional programs for creating 3D animation. They contain a small set of simple shapes and a huge selection of tools for modifying them. With their help, modelers create complex objects(houses, cars, people, natural objects) and add animation to them. This is how new worlds are created for cartoons, video games, commercials, concepts, presentations, etc. Such programs require a lot of time to master, and the cost can be higher than several thousand dollars. In addition, you need a strong Hardware to run such a program.

Autodesk Maya

The most common program for creating 3D animation. With her help, such animated characters as Davy Jones, Hulk and Gollum were created; visual effects for The Matrix and The Lord of the Rings; cartoon Masha and the Bear.

Autodesk offers several options for purchasing Maya software. For example, a 1-year subscription including technical assistance will cost $1,785, and a 3-year subscription will cost $5,355. The program has a "flexible" code and after the purchase, large studios have the ability to customize it to fit your needs..

Autodesk 3Ds Max

Unlike Maya, 3ds Max introduces more tools for artists, but it also creates animation. Has great utility Particle Systems, which allows you to simulate fire, smoke, rain, etc. hair&fur allows you to create realistic hair, wool, grass, etc. 3ds Max was used to create the films "X-Men", "The Day After Tomorrow", "Jurassic Park".

The program is distributed at the same price as Maya.

Light Wave 3D

A complete 3D graphics editor most commonly used in the film industry. Supports an advanced system of frame, inversion and bone animation. Also has a utility for working with particles - Hyper Voxels, a surface editor is a handy tool for adjusting material properties. Various modules can be connected to the program, expanding its functionality. Thus, you can get more specialized software.

The first thing I would like to start with is to explain what animation is in three-dimensional graphics and what is its main difference from classical (two-dimensional) animation. Animation in 3D computer graphics is the process of changing the properties (parameters) of a 3D object over time. In classical animation, the animator has to draw every frame of his creation in order to make the object come to life on the screen.

Image source www.angryanimator.com

In 3D animation, we need to set the so-called key frames, and the program will calculate (interpolate) all other frames of the animation itself. In fact, the animation process is not as simple as it may seem erroneously. Perhaps it is for this reason that the profession of an animator in the field of three-dimensional computer graphics is one of the highest paying professions in the industry, and there are not so many real professionals.

What is 3D animation used for? There are several areas that cannot do without three-dimensional animation. It:

• Animation of object transformations (moving, rotating, scaling);
• Camera animation;
• Animation of technical processes;
• Dynamic deformations of objects;
• Character animation;
• Dynamic simulations (fluids, tissues, particles).

In each of the above areas, there are different ways creating (obtaining) three-dimensional animation. We can reduce them to the following:

1. Keyframe animation;
2. Animation along the trajectory;
3. Creation of animation in dynamic simulations;
4. Animation obtained by motion capture.

So, let's slightly open the veil of secrecy over each method of creating animation.

Keyframe Animation

Creating animation in 3D graphics packages by keyframes can be represented as follows:

• At the right moment in time, for example, in the 1st frame of the animation, you set the properties of your object (size, position, rotation angles) and set this frame as the key frame. The program records all information about the properties of the object in this frame.
• Next, you select another frame of your animation, for example the 10th, and in it again set the new properties of your object. After, again make this frame the key.
• Now the program will calculate how the object should behave when moving from the 1st animation frame to the 10th. This process is called animation interpolation.

Image source http://brendanbody.blogspot.com/2008/12/walk-cycle.html

This type of animation is ideal for: animation of object transformations, animation of cameras, animation of technical processes and even character animation. Industrial Light & Magic's Rango Animation is a perfect example of the perfect keyframed character animation.

Copyright 2011 Paramount Pictures

Path Animation

Animation along a trajectory requires, in addition to the object that will be animated, be sure to set its trajectory (path of movement). Path animation is very often ideal for animating moving technical objects, animating cameras, and animating technical processes.

Image source http://tanawadeethep.tumblr.com

Having selected the object that you would like to make move along the path, you need to assign it a path for animation (trajectory). The 3D object is then transferred to the path line and associated with it. The program itself will create two keyframes for you, one of which will store the position of the object at the beginning of the path, and the second the position of the object at the end of the path. The rest of the frames are interpolated by the program for you. As a result, your object will start moving along the specified path when the animation plays.

Creating Animations for Dynamic Simulations

This way of creating animation is associated more with the profession of a dynamics specialist than with the profession of an animator. Animation here is a way to save the result of a dynamic simulation. The terrible phrase "dynamic simulation" means the process of calculating the behavior of an object in a physically real environment. For example, we all know that if a glass goblet falls on the floor, then most likely it will break into many pieces. This is familiar to us and we all understand it. But the three-dimensional environment does not know which object should have certain properties. In order for each object to behave as it does in our world, dynamic simulations are used. Such simulations are run by 3D graphics packages and after the simulation is completed, they create animation keys that store information about the behavior of each piece of our broken glass. Dynamic simulations are very often used to calculate the behavior of fluids, tissues, hard and soft objects. Thanks to dynamic simulations and the animation created after them, we can enjoy watching apocalyptic blockbusters in cinemas.

Copyright 2009 Sony Pictures / Columbia Pictures

Motion capture animation

Motion capture (from English motion capture) is a fairly young way to get animation, but is quickly gaining popularity due to the realistic animation that it allows you to get. What is the essence of this method of obtaining computer three-dimensional animation? As a rule, to get animation in this way, you need a specially equipped studio with motion capture equipment, an actor from which the animation will be captured and special software. The motion capture system works as follows:

1. Special sensors are put on the actor;
2. The actor performs the necessary animation movements;
3. Cameras around the actor capture the movement of sensors;
4. Specialized software analyzes the movements of the sensors and creates a skeleton with exactly the same animation as a real actor and saves the result in the form of keyframes;
5. The resulting animation can now be used in 3D graphics packages.

This technology is expensive, but allows you to get very realistic animation. Basically, it is used for character animation.

Image source http://lukemccann.wordpress.com/motion-capture

Vivid examples of obtaining animation by motion capture can be such film projects as: "Polar Express", "Avatar", "The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn".

This concludes our overview of animation in 3D computer graphics.

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This is the most full review all aspects of the concept Animation with the best examples according to the editors.

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"Faces of War": Jaina. A mixture of CG ART, 3D, and special effects make it possible to create relatively low-cost mini-stories for Blizzard cutscenes. CGI + 3D animation. A social viral video you may have missed. Written, Directed & Produced by Lubomir Arsov

More examples of modern animation are waiting for you below...

Types of animation

Since the advent of simple animation, a wide variety of looks and styles have been invented. Consider 5 main types :

• Traditional animation;
• 2D vector animation;
• 3D computer animation;
• Motion graphics;
• Puppet animation;

Traditional Animation (2D, Cel, Hand Drawn)

Traditional animation, sometimes called cel animation, is one of the older forms of animation. In it:

• the animator draws each frame to create a motion sequence;
• successive drawings, rapidly exposed one after the other, create the illusion of movement.

The simplest example of such an animation is old Disney cartoons.

Cartoon Mowgli

How is traditional animation created?

• the animator prepares the working field: he fixes a transparent sheet of paper on a special illuminated screen;
• a drawing is applied to a sheet of paper with a colored pencil;
• The drawing should be rough and approximate. It is done this way to see how many frames need to be created for the ideal movement of the character;
• once the cleaning and intermediate drawings are complete, production moves on to filming each individual frame.

How animated videos were created in 1938

Modern animators may refuse to draw characters and frames by hand. Instead, they use computers, tablets, special pens.

Examples of modern traditional animation

Eluvium. Author Stas Santimov Are You Lost In The World Like Me? Written by Steve Cutts

Where to begin?

You can start in the profession by studying the basic

The advantage of the lessons is a consistent study of the process of creating animation according to the principle - "from simple to complex".

Also, to complete the first steps of creating animation, you need to master such basic programs as:

Photoshop is often overlooked when considering animation software, and its capabilities are perfectly adapted to frame-by-frame drawing in any style. Photoshop's timeline functionality allows you to animate by drawing frame by frame using bow skinning.

• The average salary of an animator in the West is $4250/month;
• In our area - very differently (in the studio, freelance, remote - from $400 to $3500 per month).

2D vector animation

Bojack Horseman (TV series on Netflix)

2D animation is a term used when referring to traditional hand-drawn animation. It can also refer to computer vector animations using traditional .

Principle 2D animation

To create vector animations, the same methods are used as for traditional ones.

This flexibility allows even a novice to create their first passable video.

How to learn?

While traditional animation requires you to be a good artist, computer animation is not. 3D animation is more like a constructor than a drawing.

3D animation technologies have a lot in common with stop motion, as they correspond to the frame approach. But, in 3D, the implementation of tasks is more manageable, since it is in the digital field.

3D model

Instead of drawing a character or building one out of clay in 3D animation, the object is created digitally. Later they are supplied with a "skeleton", which allows you to move the models.

Animation is created by building models on certain key frames, and then the computer calculates and interpolates between these frames to create movement.

See below a visual example of the process of creating a 3D model in Blender.

Examples of modern 3D animation

Author — ManvsMachine

Nike Air Max

Author - PlatigeImage

Wonder Woman - Prologue | Making of

3D animator profession: where to start

The profession is highly competitive as this animation is mostly for commercial purposes.

Where can you work as a motion designer:

• In the studios
• Freelancing
• Sell ​​Templates
• Create learning products

The average salary of a motion designer in the West reaches $5000/month, in our case the salary of a specialist starts from $700/month.

Stop motion (Puppet animation)

stop motion- this is the object stopping after the captured frame and its sequential movement to capture a new photo and a new movement. When you play back the photos taken one by one, an illusion of movement is created. So it turns out stop motion.

This technique is similar to traditional animation, but instead of drawings, the animator uses real materials.

The process of working on the Robot Chicken series

I love all forms of animation, but there's something unique and special about stop motion: it's more real. But I think it's kind of a lonely and dark thing too.

Tim Burton

Evolution of Stop Motion

Stop-Motion animation uses objects photographed in sequence to create the illusion of movement.

Stop Motion Animation Example

The process of creating a stop motion animation is lengthy, because each object must be carefully moved millimeter by millimeter. Each captured frame is simply obliged to create a smooth sequence of movements of the object.

Examples of modern puppet animation

Another example from Robot Chicken Posted by Bruna Berford

The profession of a puppet animator: where to start, how much he earns

It is necessary to start moving into the depths of the profession of a stop-motion designer by mastering Dragonframe and iStopMotion

The profession of a stop-motion designer in the labor market has gradually come to life. Stop motion today is an inexpensive method in which it is easy to show good artistic taste and patience skills. Therefore, designers earn good money:

• average earnings in the West - $ 3864 / month;
• with us - from $ 1000 / month.

Animation types

Consider what types of animation exist.

GIF animation

GIF (with file extension, .gif) is an image file format that is animated by combining several other images or frames into one.

GIF example. (converted to mp4 for smaller)

Unlike JPEG format(.jpg), GIFs usually use a compression algorithm called LZW encoding that does not degrade the image quality and makes it easy to store the file in bytes.

You can read more about what a GIF is on Wikipedia.

GIF animation examples

Examples for every taste are on the portal gifphy.com

How to make a GIF yourself?

• Earlier we already wrote about the fastest.
• Here is another useful one tutorial on creating GIFs in Adobe After Effects.

cinematography

Also check out the opinion Can anime go mainstream?(in English).

Examples of Japanese animation

Prison School Anime Flavors of Youth

How is anime created?

The process of creating an anime consists of several stages:

• search for animation and character ideas;
• inventing a concept (characters, the main storyline are being thought out, some first sketches are being made);
• writing a detailed script;
• drawing characters and backgrounds;
• sample storyboard;
• sketches or sketches are digitized.

Video - How anime is created

12 Animation Principles

1. Compression and decompression

According to this principle, animation objects can be compressed or stretched to convey the speed, momentum, weight, and mass of the object.

This technique can be used to indicate the bouncing or hardness of an object (for example, to show which ball in an animated video is filled with water, and which is just a bowling ball). Also, artists using this principle convey the facial expressions and emotions of the character.

Important: The size of the object should not change depending on whether it is flattened or stretched.

The first principle of animation

2. Prepare for action

It consists in preparing the viewer for any action of the animation character.

For example, this technique is used to show that the character is preparing to jump. In this case, the preparation will consist in the fact that the character will sit down, gather his strength and begin to straighten up until he is in the air, which will be a jump.

Important: without preparation for any action, all subsequent steps of the character will look unrealistic and implausible. The artist cannot miss this moment, because the viewer simply will not understand what the character wants to do in the next seconds, and watching such a video will simply be uninteresting.

Preparing for action It's a must for keeping your attention.

The second principle of animation

3. Staged

Target This principle is to reveal the creative intent of the author as accurately as possible.

In any animation, it is important to direct the viewer's eye to some moment or important nuance, character movement or event. Dramatization, as it were, draws attention to the most important thing.

Note that in this principle it is necessary to alternate close-ups with a distant background. A close-up usually shows the facial expressions of a character, and dynamic or static events of a multimedia clip take place in the background.

Important: in each scene and video as a whole, the action should be as clear as possible and be in focus. Otherwise, the viewer simply will not catch the essence of the author's idea.

The third principle of animation

4. Spontaneous action and from posture to posture

Principle spontaneous action consists in the fact that several drawings are created in turn without a specific plan of action and final.

Principle from pose to pose consists in the fact that the artist draws each final point of movement and only after that draws intermediate poses and movements.

Important: the principle from pose to pose saves the artist's time and energy, because, using it, he knows exactly what will happen on the screen and how it will end. There is no such bonus in spontaneous action - if the artist drew something incorrectly, he will have to redraw everything.

Spontaneous action is good at displaying fire, drops, clouds, smoke and dust, and it also perfectly conveys the aesthetics and unpredictability of natural phenomena.

The fourth principle of animation

5. Inertia and overlap

This principle is applied so that after the character stops, parts of his clothes, hair, arms or even legs continue to move by inertia. So the stop seems more natural and does not cause the viewer to cavil at the unnaturalness of the picture.

Inertia and overlap make movement, body and character animation more alive.

This group also includes such a principle as guy. Due to the pull, when the character's head is turned, his hair or cheeks (like a bulldog's) will slowly and springily move behind it.

The fifth principle of animation

6. Slow motion at the beginning and end

The principle is that all movements are performed slowly at the beginning, then they speed up and at the end, the actions slow down again. This is done in order to maximize the naturalness of the video and bring the drawn character closer to the real one.

FROM the same speed only robots move, so the artist tries to draw all the movements of his characters in different amplitudes and at different speeds.

Important: deceleration is not used in all cases. For example, in order to show the movement of a bullet, slowing down is not necessary, but for the movement of a pistol during a shot, yes.

The sixth principle of animation

7. Arcs

Without taking into account the movement of the character along the arc, obvious errors appear and they become too mechanical.

Absolutely all character movements are performed on the principle of an arc, and not because they all have to be smooth, but because the arc can outline a much larger trajectory and give the character the opportunity to move as naturally as possible.

The seventh principle of animation

8. Expressive strokes

This principle is often confused with overlap, but this is wrong. Expressive touches are the features of the character's movements that give it color.

Expressive touches endow the character's movements with the character of the moment and mood. If the character is evil, then when he knocks on the door, his second hand will be clenched into a fist. Maybe this stroke is not so striking, but it perfectly conveys the real, real emotions of a person.

An artist who gives importance to such small details brings animation to life.

The eighth principle of animation

9. Frame rate

The overall nature of the animation depends on how many frames the artist has drawn between the main actions.

By changing the frame rate, the animator can tell as many as 10 stories. If there are many poses between the main frames and they are located close to each other, then the movements will be very slow, and if there are few frames and they are located at a great distance from each other, the movements will be very fast.

The standard frame rate for cinema is 24. Animation is also drawn in one, two or three frames.

Important: the more often frames change, there they will need more careful drawing.

The ninth principle of animation

10. Hyperbole

The principle is that almost every facial expression, facial expression and emotion must be made unique.

With the help of this principle, a sad emotion can be made even more sad, and a cheerful one can be made even more cheerful. Hyperbolization is based not on the distortion of emotions and facial expressions, but on giving even more persuasiveness in movements and facial expressions.

The principle of hyperbolization is always appropriate, because it makes each video more interesting, rich and complete.

It is difficult to determine the optimal degree of hyperbolization. Therefore, first you need to exaggerate the idea to the maximum, and then adapt it to the video.

Tenth Principle of Animation

11. Drawing

You need to draw according to this principle in such a way as to submit the drawing within the framework of three-dimensional space. By conveying the mass, volume and balance of the character.

If you draw a figure from all sides, then the animation process will be greatly simplified.

Important: When you're sketching a character, it's best to use standard geometric shapes like spheres, cubes, and cylinders, rather than squares and rectangles. And yet, carefully ensure that the drawn character does not turn out flat.

Eleventh Principle of Animation

12. Charisma

The principle is that the drawn hero must be interesting and unusual, which means - to evoke emotions in the viewer, to catch and have a twist.

The beauty of a character is not necessarily charisma. This feature can be expressed in any detail, be enclosed in one character or in all the heroes of the video.

Important: you can achieve charisma of a character by diversifying the shape of the object, proportions, and also by emphasizing a characteristic detail. It must be unusual and stand out from the general picture of the character's character.

The twelfth principle of animation

Trends (trends) in animation

Today, animation is reincarnated into the most diverse and exciting ways of telling a story and an idea. Due to the emergence of new advances in engineering and telecommunication technologies, there are regular new trends in animation.

• See.

Here are the most popular ones:

3D retro and vintage style

A style of 3D animation that is becoming popular again is retrofuturism. This allows for the fantasy aesthetic that people in the late 70s and early 80s thought the future might look like.

Technique: the use of lush lighting effects and pixelated digital elements serves to create the terrain and characters in a retro world.

High Contrast Cel Animation

It's an animation trend that's been on the rise for a few years now and is being used by some of the top companies in the world including Nike, Nickelodeon, Disney, Cartoon Network and even for Winter X games.

Bright contrasting colors combined with an angular design are used to give the animation a simplistic, almost cel-like style.

Result- a funny sequence from which it is difficult to look away.

Some of best examples taken from Golden Wolf, an animation production company based in London.

Mix of 2D and 3D

A trend that started in recent years and continues to grow is creating animations that look like a combination of 2D and 3D.

You don't have to look far to find a tutorial that shows you how to end up with a flat 2D look using cel shader for 3D rendering.

By giving 3D objects a 2D look, animators can create expressive, illustrative elements that immediately capture the viewer's attention, providing clear and colorful information.

Supersurrealism

If there's one great animation trend that fully exploits the power of CGI images, it's the surrealist style.

The hyper-surreal animation effect is based on combining photorealistic elements with fantasy images to create dreamlike worlds and activities.

There is such an example of animation as "The Dreamer" by Roof Studio for Honda, which takes viewers on a whimsical journey, as realistic vehicle moves through the wilderness.

Dynamic Animation of Functions in Applications

Instead of using static images or all text, many apps in 2018 are using functional animations that hold the user's attention with a bright, interesting user interface.

This includes using animation to enhance navigation elements, validate user input, zoom in and out of content, and so on.

You will master 33 detailed animation lessons. Also, by reading , you will find a lot free lessons by Adobe Illustrator.

Programs for creating animation

Cinema 4D- universal complex program for creating and editing three-dimensional effects and objects.

Adobe After Effects - software from Adobe Systems for video and motion picture editing, compositing, animation, and a variety of effects.