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What was invented in 1895. In what year was the radio invented: the history of the creation of an ingenious device

Image copyright RIA Novosti Image caption Alexander Popov and his transmitter (drawing by an unknown artist)

120 years ago, on March 24, 1896, the Russian scientist Alexander Popov at a closed meeting of the Russian Physical and Chemical Society in St. Petersburg for the first time in the world transmitted a radio telegram. Using a transmitter and receiver of his own design, he transmitted the words typed in Morse code to Heinrich Hertz (Heinrich Hertz).

The Italian Guglielmo Marconi, the Serbian Nikola Tesla, the German Heinrich Hertz and the Briton Oliver Lodge compete with him for the title of the inventor of the radio.

A number of historians argue that Popov was prevented from convincingly substantiating his superiority by the regime of secrecy with which he was bound while working for the navy.

Others believe that it is impossible in principle to unequivocally determine the priority for one of the main inventions of mankind. Each of the scientists contributed. The disputes that continue to this day indicate that the idea was in the air, and great minds think in parallel.

Like many Russian intellectuals of that era, Alexander Stepanovich Popov came out of the clergy. His father was a priest, he himself graduated from the seminary, but preferred science, enrolling in the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of St. Petersburg University.
During the creation of the radio, Popov served in the naval department as a teacher of physics at the Naval Technical School in Kronstadt and was guided in his developments by the needs of the fleet.
The first radio station in Russia was installed under his leadership in Sevastopol. During maneuvers on September 7, 1899, communication was established from her with the warships "George the Victorious", "Three Saints" and "Captain Saken", located 14 km from the coast. The place where the station was located was called "Radiogorka".
In the same year, radio stations were installed in Kotka (Finland) and on the new icebreaker Ermak. In November 1899, thanks to the Ermak radio station, people were saved for the first time - a group of fishermen carried away on an ice floe near the island of Gotland.
Radio Day is celebrated in Russia on May 7 (April 25, old style). On this day in 1895, about a year before the first radio transmission, Popov gave a lecture in the sports hall of St. Petersburg University "On the relation of metal powders to electrical vibrations", where he substantiated the possibility of radio communication. On May 7, 1995, at the initiative of Russia, UNESCO celebrated the 100th anniversary of radio.
In 1887, Heinrich Hertz, a professor of physics at the Technical University in Karlsruhe, discovered electromagnetic waves propagating at the speed of light, conducted and described experiments on their transmission over a distance without wires using a generator and resonator he created. Hertz did not think about using the discovery, saying: "It is absolutely useless. We just have mysterious electromagnetic waves that we cannot see with the eye, but they are."
Nikola Tesla, by then working in the United States, invented a grounded mast antenna in 1893 in the course of researching atmospheric electricity, and subsequently successfully experimented with transmitters and receivers of his own design.
Oliver Lodge on August 14, 1894 at Oxford University demonstrated the transmission of a radio signal from one building to another at a distance of 40 meters. For practical use, the equipment needed to be improved, but Lodge did not do this, losing the palm to Popov and Marconi. Image caption Guglielmo Marconi (1929)
An engineer and inventor from Bologna, Guglielmo Marconi, began designing radio transmitters and receivers in December 1894 and applied for an invention on June 2, 1896, that is, two months and eight days after Popov's first radio transmission.
On September 2, in Salisbury near London, he publicly demonstrated his equipment, while transmitting not two words, but a whole text, and at a distance of 3 km, that is, 12 times further than Popov.
Being, according to him, bound by a regime of secrecy, Popov openly announced his work only on October 19/31, 1897, when the whole world already knew about Marconi's achievements, and even then recognized them as incomplete. "A device for telegraphy has been assembled here. We were unable to send a telegram, because all the details of the devices still need to be developed," he said in a report at the St. Petersburg Electrotechnical Institute.
The first public demonstration of the transmitter and receiver by Popov took place on December 18, 1897. He issued a Russian patent only in 1901, but until his death in December 1905 he defended his priority over Marconi.
Marconi became a major entrepreneur, received the Nobel Prize (1909) and the title of Marquis of the Italian Kingdom. Popov was elected an honorary member of the Russian Technical Society, received the rank of Councilor of State, the Order of St. Anne II degree and the Great Gold Medal of the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900. In 1921, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR granted his widow a pension.
Many authors prefer to talk about the "invention of the radio by Popov and Marconi". In the world, the name of the Italian scientist is more known, in Russia, on the contrary. In the Great Soviet Encyclopedia of 1955, Marconi was not mentioned at all.

Timeline of radio

In 1897, Marconi established The Wireless Telegraph & Signal Company in Britain and built the first fixed radio station on the Isle of Wight, and in 1898 opened a radio factory in England, employing 50 people.
In January 1898, the world first heard sensational news on the radio - about a serious illness in his house in Wales, the former British Prime Minister William Gladstone ( telephone wire was interrupted by a snow storm).
The first transatlantic radio communication took place on January 14, 1906.
In April 1909, Californian inventor Charles Herrold patented a technology that made it possible to transmit over the radio not only Morse code signals, but also the human voice and music, and coined the term broadcasting (public broadcasting).
The number of victims of the sinking of the Titanic on the night of April 14-15, 1912 would have been much higher if the ship's radio station had not transmitted an SOS signal and the coordinates of the crash site. Soon, a law was passed in the United States requiring all ships to maintain radio contact with the shore, and a year later, the International Conference on the Safety of Life at Sea made this rule worldwide.
On November 8, 1917, the Bolsheviks promulgated the text of the Decree on Peace over the radio (using Morse code).
On February 27, 1919, the first radio voice transmission in Russia took place in Nizhny Novgorod.
On August 20, 1920, Edward Scripp received the first license to open a private commercial radio station in Detroit, still in operation today.
In 1924, the BBC began broadcasting time signals on radio.
In 1930, Motorola released the first car radio. Image copyright ap Image caption Since the time of Popov and Marconi, technology has stepped far forward
In 1933, police patrol cars in Bayonne, New Jersey, were equipped with two-way radios for the first time.
Members of Umberto Nobile's polar expedition (1929) and wintering on drifting ice led by (1938) were rescued thanks to radio amateurs.
In 1937, the first FM radio station was launched in the United States.
BBC Russian service March 24, 1946 - exactly 50 years after the first radio broadcast by Alexander Popov.
In 1954, the American firm Regency launched the first commercial transistorized radio receiver.
The first satellite of the Earth, launched in the USSR on October 4, 1957, did not carry any equipment, except for two radio transmitters that transmitted the "beep-beep" signal in a range where radio amateurs could catch it.
In the 20th century, authoritarian regimes were widely practiced from abroad. Currently, this practice persists in China, North Korea, Iran and Cuba.
At present, there are over 50,000 public and commercial radio stations in the world and about three million radio amateurs communicating in the shortwave range, and the number of receivers cannot be counted. All modern information Technology, including mobile communications, wireless Internet and satellite navigation, are based on the invention of the founders of radio.
In recent decades, radio has given way to television and the Internet as the main medium, but hundreds of millions of people around the world continue to listen to it regularly, especially while driving. In 1984, Queen recorded the famous song "Radio Gaga" with the words "Radio, what's new? Someone still loves you" ("What's new, radio? Someone still loves you").
At the beginning of the 20th century, according to the writer and historian Boris Akunin, faith in progress was boundless. However, the development of science and technology lagged behind social reforms, and could not solve all the problems of society and the individual. Disappointment resulted in a well-known joke attributed to Ilya Ilf: "So the radio was invented, but there is still no happiness!"

Today, the radio does not seem to be some unusual and unique device that is capable of wireless communication. However, there was a time when radio became a real breakthrough in the development of new technologies. The history of radio is rooted in the distant past, which this article will deal with.

A brief history of radio: how did it all begin?

Prerequisites for the emergence of radio

The first prerequisites for the existence of electromagnetic waves arose as early as the late 1600s. Two centuries later, ultraviolet and infrared radiation were officially discovered. In the 30s of the XIX century, the English scientist Michael Faraday declared with great certainty the existence of electromagnetic waves. After another 30 years, another scientist from the UK, James Maxwell, completed the construction of the theory of the electromagnetic field, which has found its application in physics.

In the 1880-1890s. there were some more discoveries that made it possible to bring closer the time when a full-fledged radio would be created. So, a physicist from Germany, Heinrich Hertz, proved the existence of electromagnetic waves using an experiment. In subsequent years, several scientists at once repeated this experiment, while using more advanced elements to detect electromagnetic waves.

invention of radio

Sir Oliver Joseph Lodge received a patent in 1898 for the use of certain elements in wireless transmitters or receivers. The received patent became the basis of a mechanism for tuning the radio to the desired frequency. It is noteworthy that Lodge did not conduct further research in this area, as a result of which the honor of bearing the title of inventor of the first radio went to the Russian physicist, professor, electrical engineer Alexander Stepanovich Popov.

It was Popov who first managed to demonstrate the possibility of transmitting a radio signal that would carry certain information. Since that time, the era of the creation of radio engineering facilities has opened.

Controversial moments in history

The history of radio has not been without incidents. Currently, several countries at once claim that it was their scientist who invented the radio. In Germany they say that the merit belongs exclusively to Heinrich Hertz, in the USA they will tell you that the radio was invented by Thomas Edison, and so on.

Be that as it may, in 1872, Malon Loomis received the first ever patent for wireless communication.

Modern broadcasting

In 1906, Canadian Reginald Fessenden made the first broadcast of a radio program in which he personally played the violin and read a short text from the Bible. Since that time, voice broadcasting has been developing more and more every year. There were new entertaining radio programs, broadcasting to a wide audience.

In 1918, Edwin Armstrong introduced the superheterodyne, which improved the sensitivity of radio receivers over a wide range of frequencies. More than 15 years later, the same American scientist patented FM radio, which uses frequency modulation to reduce interference on the air.

At the very beginning of the 80s of the XX century, work began in the field of creating digital radio broadcasting, which made another revolution in the history of radio.

Nowadays it is difficult to find a person who has never listened to the radio. At the same time, few people think about who invented it, what it cost those people who spent many years of their lives for the sake of technical progress.

Today, radio remains one of the most widespread means of broadcasting, despite the development of television technology, computer technology etc. The radio is still filled with sounds that never seem to end.

In Russia, Alexander Stepanovich Popov, a teacher of officer courses in Kronstadt, was one of the first to study electromagnetic waves. Starting with the reproduction of Hertz's experiments, he then used a more reliable and sensitive way of registering electromagnetic waves.

On May 7, 1895, at a meeting of the Russian Physical and Chemical Society in St. Petersburg, A. S. Popov demonstrated the operation of his device, which was, in fact, the world's first radio receiver. . Now it is celebrated annually in our country.

How did Popov invent the radio?

As a detail that directly “feels” electromagnetic waves, A.S. Popov used a coherer (from Latin - “coherence” - “coupling”). This device is a glass tube with two electrodes. Small metal filings are placed in the tube.

The operation of the device is based on the effect of electrical discharges on metal powders. Under normal conditions, the coherer has a high resistance, since the sawdust has poor contact with each other. The incoming electromagnetic wave creates a high-frequency alternating current in the coherer. The smallest sparks jump between the sawdust, which sinter the sawdust. As a result, the resistance of the coherer drops sharply (in the experiments of A.S. Popov from 100,000 to 1000 - 500 Ohms, that is, by 100-200 times). You can return the device to high resistance again by shaking it. To ensure automatic reception, it is necessary for wireless communication, A.S. Popov used a bell device to shake the coherer after receiving the signal.

The relay worked, the bell turned on, and the coherer received a “light shake”, the adhesion between the metal filings weakened, and they were ready to receive the next signal.

To increase the sensitivity of the device, A.S. Popov grounded one of the outputs of the coherer, and connected the other to a highly raised piece of wire, creating the first receiving antenna for wireless communication. Grounding turns the conductive surface of the earth into part of an open oscillatory circuit, which increases the reception range.

Although modern radios bear little resemblance to A.S. Popov, the basic principles of their operation are the same as in his device. A modern receiver also has an antenna in which the incoming wave causes very weak electromagnetic oscillations. As in the receiver of A. S. Popov, the energy of these oscillations is not used directly for reception. Weak signals only control the energy sources that feed the subsequent circuits. Now such control is carried out using semiconductor devices.

Labor Popov

A.S. Popov continued to persistently improve the receiving equipment. He set himself the immediate task of building a device for transmitting signals over long distances.

At first, radio communication was established at a distance of 250 m. Working tirelessly on his invention, Popov soon achieved a communication range of more than 600 m. Then, at the maneuvers of the Black Sea Fleet in 1899. the scientist established radio communication at a distance of over 20 km, and in 1901 the radio communication range was already 150 km. The new design of the transmitter played an important role in this. The spark gap was placed in oscillatory circuit, inductively coupled to the transmitting antenna and tuned to resonance with it. Significantly changed and methods of signal registration. In parallel with the call, a telegraph apparatus was turned on, which made it possible to automatically record signals. In 1899, the possibility of receiving signals using a telephone was discovered. At the beginning of 1900, radio communication was successfully used during rescue work in the Gulf of Finland. With the participation of A. S. Popov, the introduction of radio communications in the navy and army of Russia began.

Continuing the experiments and improving the devices, A.S. Popov slowly but surely increased the range of radio communications. Five years after the construction of the first receiver, a regular wireless communication line began to operate at a distance of 40 km. thanks to a radiogram transmitted through this line in the winter of 1900. , the icebreaker "Ermak" removed the fishermen from the ice floe, whom the storm carried into the sea. Radio, which began its practical history by saving people, has become a new progressive form of communication in the 20th century.

Abroad, the improvement of such devices was carried out by a company organized by the Italian engineer G. Marconi. Experiments carried out on a large scale made it possible to carry out radiotelegraphic transmission across the Atlantic Ocean.

After graduating from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of St. Petersburg University (1882), he was left at the university to prepare for a professorship.

In 1883, A. S. Popov moved to teaching at the Mine School and the Mine Officer Class in Kronstadt.

The well-equipped laboratories of the Mining School, one of the first electrical educational institutions in Russia, provided favorable conditions for scientific work A. S. Popova. The scientist lived in Kronstadt for 18 years, and all the main inventions and works on equipping the Russian fleet with radio communications are connected with this period of his life.

The activities of A. S. Popov, which preceded the discovery of radio, are extensive tireless research in the field of electrical engineering, magnetism and electromagnetic waves. Deep and persistent work in this area led Popov to the conclusion that electromagnetic waves can be used for wireless communication. He expressed this idea in public reports and speeches as early as 1889.


	The first radio receiver of A. S. Popov

On May 7, 1895, at a meeting of the Russian Physical and Chemical Society, A. S. Popov made a presentation and demonstrated the world's first radio receiver he had created. Popov ended his message with the following words: "In conclusion, I can express the hope that my device, with further improvement, can be used to transmit signals over a distance using fast electrical oscillations, as soon as a source of such oscillations with sufficient energy is found."

This day entered the history of world science and technology as the birthday of radio. Ten months later, on March 24, 1896, A. S. Popov, at a meeting of the same Russian physical and chemical society, transmitted the world's first radiogram over a distance of 250 m. In the summer of the following year, the wireless communication range was increased to 5 km.

A. S. Popov belongs to another discovery, the significance of which can hardly be overestimated. During experiments on radio communications on warships of the Baltic Fleet in the summer of 1897, it was found that electromagnetic waves are reflected from ships. A. S. Popov concluded that it is possible practical use of this phenomenon and long before the advent of radar and radio navigation, he formulated the starting ideas for the creation and development of these areas of technology.

In 1899, he designed a receiver for receiving signals by ear using a telephone receiver. This made it possible to simplify the reception scheme and increase the range of radio communication.

In 1900, A. S. Popov made contact in the Baltic Sea at a distance of over 45 km between the islands of Hogland and Kutsalo, not far from the city of Kotka. This world's first practical wireless communication line served a rescue expedition to remove the battleship "General-Admiral Apraksin" from the stones, which had landed on the stones off the southern coast of Gogland.

The first radiogram, transmitted by A. S. Popov to the island of Gogland on February 6, 1900, contained an order to the icebreaker "Ermak" to go to the aid of fishermen carried away on an ice floe into the sea. The icebreaker complied with the order and 27 fishermen were rescued. The world's first practical line, which began its work by rescuing people who were carried away at sea, followed by its regular work clearly proved the advantages of this type of communication.

The successful use of this line served as an impetus for the "introduction of wireless telegraphy on combat ships as the main means of communication" - this is how the corresponding order from the Naval Ministry read. Work on the introduction of radio communications in the Russian Navy was carried out with the participation of the inventor of radio himself and his colleague and assistant P. N. Rybkin. Popov did not leave this work even after his appointment as a professor of physics at the St. Petersburg Electrotechnical Institute (autumn 1901).

In October 1905, A. S. Popov was elected the first elected director of the Electrotechnical Institute, but three months later, on January 13, 1906, he died of a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 46.

A. S. Popov scientifically generalized and developed separate disparate discoveries made before him in science and technology (see the article by O. V. Golovin and N. I. Chistyakov), found ways to transmit messages over a distance using electromagnetic waves and practically applied his opening. A. S. Popov not only invented the world's first radio receiver and carried out the world's first radio transmission (see Calendar of Events), but also formulated the main principles of radio communication. He developed the idea of strengthening weak signals using a relay, invented the receiving antenna and grounding.

A. S. Popov implemented the world's first radio communication line at sea, created the first marching army and civilian radio stations, and successfully carried out work that proved the possibility of using radio in the ground forces and in aeronautics.

The creation of Kronstadt workshops for the manufacture of devices for telegraphy without wires, which later turned into the well-known NPO them. Comintern (now AO MART, St. Petersburg), A. S. Popov laid the foundation for the domestic radio and communications industry (PSS).

The invention of radio in our country was no accident. It was a consequence of the successes of Russian physics and electrical engineering. A. S. Popov himself was one of the most educated people of his time, an outstanding physicist and a major electrical engineer. He was awarded the title of honorary electrical engineer.

Two days before his sudden death, A. S. Popov was elected chairman of the Physics Department of the Russian Physico-Chemical Society. With this election, Russian scientists emphasized the enormous merits of A. S. Popov to domestic science.

A. S. Popov is an example of a patriotic scientist who devoted all his strength and knowledge to serving the Motherland, who deeply believed in his people. Despite the difficult conditions in which he had to work in Tsarist Russia, A. S. Popov stated: “I am a Russian person and I have the right to give all my knowledge, all my work, all my achievements only to my homeland. I am proud that "I was born Russian. And if not contemporaries, then perhaps our descendants will understand how great my devotion to our Motherland is and how happy I am that a new means of communication has been opened not abroad, but in Russia."

The fatherland appreciated the merits of the brilliant inventor and patriotic scientist before the motherland. In 1945, the 50th anniversary of the invention of radio was widely celebrated in our country. The anniversary was celebrated on May 7 on the day when A. S. Popov publicly demonstrated his invention for the first time. In this regard, the government established May 7 as an annual Radio Day, which later became an official holiday for workers in all branches of communications.

In the same year, the All-Union Scientific and Technical Society of Radio Engineering and Communications was founded. A. S. Popov (now RNTORES) and approved the Regulations on the industry award - the badge "Honorary Radio Operator". Since 1945, every 10 years, under the auspices of the NTO. Popov, a jubilee radio engineering collection is published. The books "50 Years of Radio", "60 Years of Radio", "70 Years of Radio", "80 Years of Radio", "90 Years of Radio" and "100 Years of Radio" have already been published and have become a bibliographic rarity.

In order to perpetuate the memory of A. S. Popov, a gold medal named after A. S. Popov was established, awarded annually for outstanding works and inventions in the field of radio. Among the laureates awarded with this medal are such scientists as Valentin Petrovich Vologdin, Boris Alekseevich Vvedensky, Alexander Lvovich Mints, Aksel Ivanovich Berg.

Petr Chachin

Greetings to all who seek knowledge! Do you know who invented the radio? Of course, you will now answer me in unison: “I also have a question! Of course, Popov! And I thought so, or rather, I was 200 percent sure. Until I stumbled across the Internet on numerous questions about who was the first. It turns out that there is something to argue about!

Lesson plan:

Who exactly: there are many applicants, but one radio!

Everyone wants to be the first in the world to be given the palm in inventing something new. They fought for this especially sharply at a time when discoveries in the field of various sciences poured in like from a cornucopia.

The discovery of radio is inextricably linked with the study of electricity, which is why scientists are confused about who to give victory over radio waves, since in those years, among physicists, only the lazy did not seek to get to know electrical conductivity better. It is believed that the radium history begins in 1895, but before that several names were seen in it.

First of all, the Russians remember Alexander Popov. Someone knows the name Marconi. The more advanced and well-read can flash about Tesla, Lodge, Maxwell and Hertz known to them. Have you heard of these inventors? And all of them could become scientists who own the invention of radio. Why?

Faraday

His idea of the electromagnet field was the most important discovery since Newton's era. It was in 1845.

Maxwell

Continuing the works of his predecessor in 1865, he came to the conclusion that in an electromagnet field, radiation propagates freely at the speed of light. The electromagnetic waves he discovered were later called radio waves. Thanks to them, radio engineering began to develop, transmitting signals.

Hertz

With the help of devices designed by him in 1887 - a generator and a resonator of electrical oscillations, he proved that electromagnetic waves, previously predicted by Faraday and Maxwell, exist. His inventions worked several meters apart, showing a weak spark in the receiver.

That is why the Germans call Hertz the inventor of radio. But the ideas of the scientist did not find implementation, what to do next with radio waves, he did not know and did not want to know, without attaching experiments special significance. It was enough for him to confirm the correctness of his predecessors.

If we assume that radio is propagating electromagnetic waves, then we can confidently assume that it was this trinity that discovered it. If we consider a specific device as a radio, then the invention can be given to Hertz.

Branly

Shortly before Hertz began his experiments, the French inventor designed a device called a coherer. At first, his device was called the “Branly tube”, since it was a glass flask with conductors soldered at both ends, and the space between them was filled with sawdust.

This invention can be considered the first radio wave receiver. That is why France demands to recognize the first inventor of radio Branly. Why wasn't he given glory? Other scientists improved his device and achieved the greatest results.

Lodge

A physicist from England was among the first to demonstrate to the assembled audience how a radio signal is transmitted. It took place in 1894 at Oxford University. With the help of the same “Branly tube”, or coherer, he transmitted a message in the form of Morse codes to 40 meters.

But again, a paradox - the physicist did not further develop his invention and apply for a patent. But having actually become the first to assemble a chain from source to receiver, he became an undeniable contender for the inventor of radio among the British.

Landel de Mora

The Brazilian scientist was engaged in experiments with signal transmission, but for some reason did not publish his results until 1900. He received a patent for an invention in Brazil and in America after Marconi and became a pioneer in the transmission of the human voice over radio waves. So Brazil also requires recognition as an inventor of a compatriot.

Tesla

The Serbian scientist, who gave most of his life to America, did not pass by the radio. Of course, he was more interested in transmitting energy without wires, rather than information, but he also succeeded in the field of radio engineering. It was he who owns the mast antenna, which later became an indispensable part for the devices of Popov and Marconi.

Moreover, in 1893 he demonstrated the principle of how radio communication works. So the Balkans and America are often called Tesla as the inventor of the radio.

Bosch

A Bengali inventor working in India investigated radio waves using Lodge's experiments as an example. Unlike other scientists, he became interested in waves of a certain length, the study of which was resumed only after 50 years, and some of his discoveries are still used by microwave radio communications.

And what did the world famous Russian-Italian couple do?

If little is known about the inventors we talked about above, but they had a hand in the emergence of radio by creating a platform, then the topic of radio communication is directly related to the names of Popov and Marconi.

It was between them that a dispute arose over who was the first. What were they doing when others were actively working, and why is the discovery of radio associated with them?

Working in different parts of the globe, both of them did approximately the same thing. They added an antenna and grounding to the devices invented by Hertz. In addition, both placed the coherer invented by Branly in the receiver and filled it with metal powder discovered by Lodge. In general, they collected what was discovered before them and, due to the scattered existence of all elements, was not applied in practice.

Who did it before is still debatable. When it was? On May 7, 1895, Popov showed his device with an antenna - a lightning sensor, which he called a lightning rod, and a little later, in 1896, demonstrated the transmission of a radio signal between the buildings of the university in St. Petersburg. In 1900, under his leadership, a radio station was built, which was used for military purposes.

Marconi was the first to transmit a radio signal across the Atlantic, having patented his invention by June 1896, thus ahead of the Russian scientist. At the same time, his invention was based on the drawings of the Popov receiver. The corporation he built introduced the use of radio communication, first into the military ranks, and then into civilian life. That is why they began to consider him the first person in the world who invented the radio.

As it is now clear, it is difficult to give someone priority on one of the inventions of mankind. Many scientists have contributed to the development of radio communications. Some historians believe that military secrecy prevented Popov from becoming the first without regard to anyone - the secrecy regime of the navy for which he worked did not make it possible to disclose the results. Whether this was the case in reality will forever remain unknown to us.

In general, many authors prefer not to argue and today they talk about the invention of Popov-Marconi, thereby, as it were, resolving a dispute that is more than a hundred years old. Nevertheless, being patriots, we annually celebrate Radio Day on May 7, believing that it is our compatriot gave us all a radio frequency.

Do you know that?! Today there are more than 50 thousand radio stations in the world, more than three million radio amateurs who can communicate on short radio waves, and there are even more receivers, they cannot be counted! And mobile connection, and satellites carry the inventions of the founders of radio.

That's all for today. Good luck on your school waves!