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The computer does not boot Windows 10. Windows does not boot after installing updates

The performance and capabilities of a system are determined by its complexity. The more complex the structure, the more component mechanisms it contains, and this entails the appearance of various problems. Each of the gears is potentially vulnerable, and if one fails, the system will not function normally, failures will begin. Windows 10 is a prime example of how the entire OS reacts to any small problem.

For what reasons Windows 10 may not boot (black or blue screen and various errors)

The reasons why Windows 10 may not start or “catch” a critical (semi-critical) error are very diverse. Anything like this can cause:

unsuccessfully installed update;
viruses;
hardware errors, including power surges;
low-quality software;
various kinds of failures during operation or shutdown and much more.

If you want your computer or laptop to work correctly as much as possible for a long time, you need to blow off dust particles from it. And both literally and figuratively. This is especially true when using old system units with poor ventilation.

Software reasons

Software causes of Windows failure are leaders in the number of possible options. Errors can appear in every area of the system. Even a minor problem can lead to serious damage.

The most difficult thing is to get rid of the consequences of computer infection with viruses. Never click on links from unknown sources. This is especially true for emails.

Viruses can re-encrypt all user files on the media, and some can even cause hardware damage to the device. For example, infected system files can instruct the hard drive to operate at a speed higher than intended. This will damage the hard disk or magnetic head.

Installing another operating system

Each operating system from Windows has one or another advantage over others. Therefore, it is not surprising that some users do not neglect the possibility of using several operating systems at once on one computer. However, installing a second system may damage boot files the first, which will lead to the impossibility of its launch.

Fortunately, there is a method that allows you to recreate the boot files of the old OS, provided that Windows itself was not damaged during installation, was not overwritten or replaced. Using the "Command line" and the utility in it, you can return the necessary files to the loader service:

Video: How to change the boot order of operating systems in Windows 10

Experiments with disk partitions

Problems with loading can also result in various kinds of manipulations with hard disk partitions. This is especially true of the partition on which the operating system is installed.

You should not perform actions related to volume compression with the disk on which the operating system is installed, as this can lead to failures

Any action that shrinks a volume to save space or enlarge other partitions can cause the OS to experience crashes. The action of reducing the size is not welcome, if only because the system may need much more space than it currently takes.

Windows uses the so-called swap file, a tool that allows you to increase the volume random access memory due to some hard disk space. In addition, some system updates take up a lot of space. Shrinking a volume can lead to "overflow" of the allowed amount of information, and this will lead to problems when file requests are generated. Consequence - problems during system startup.

If you rename the volume (replace the letter), all paths to the OS files will simply be lost. The bootloader files will literally turn into nothingness. You can fix the situation with renaming only if you have a second operating system(for this, the instructions above are suitable). But if only one Windows is installed on the computer and it is not possible to install the second one, only flash drives with an already installed boot system can help with great difficulty.

Unqualified editing through the system registry

Some instructions on the Internet offer to solve some of the problems by editing the registry. In their defense, it is worth saying that such a solution can really help in certain cases.

But the trouble is that the Windows registry is a delicate area of the system: one incorrect deletion or editing of a parameter can lead to sad consequences. The paths in the registry are virtually identical in their names. Getting to the desired file and repairing it correctly, adding or removing the desired element is almost a surgical job.

Imagine the situation: all instructions are copied from each other, and one of the authors of the articles accidentally specified an incorrect parameter or an incorrect path to the desired file. The result will be a completely paralyzed operating system. Therefore, it is not recommended to make changes in system registry. The paths in it may differ depending on the version and bit depth of the OS.

Using various programs to speed up and beautify the system

There is a whole market cluster of programs that are designed to improve the performance of Windows in many ways. They are also responsible for the visual beauty and design of the system. It is worth admitting that they do their job in most cases. However, if in the case of decorating the system, the standard textures are simply replaced with new ones, then to speed up the work, such programs disable "unnecessary" services. This can be fraught with consequences of various kinds, depending on which services were disabled.

If the system needs to be optimized, then it must be carried out independently in order to know what and for what exactly was done. In addition, knowing what you have disabled, you can easily enable the service back.

As a result, disabled services will stop starting and working. This will conserve CPU and RAM resources and your computer will run faster.

List of services that can be disabled without harming Windows performance:

"Fax";
NVIDIA Stereoscopic 3D Driver Service (for NVidia video cards if you are not using 3D stereo images);
"Net.Tcp Port Sharing Service";
"Working folders";
"AllJoyn Router Service";
"Application Identity";
"BitLocker Drive Encryption Service";
"Bluetooth Support Service" (if you are not using Bluetooth);
"Client License Service" (ClipSVC, applications may not work properly after disabling Windows Store 10);
"Computer Browser";
Dmwappushservice;
"Geographic Location Service";
"Guest shutdown service (Hyper-V)";
"Pulse Service (Hyper-V)";
"Session service virtual machines Hyper-V";
"Hyper-V Time Synchronization Service";
"Data Exchange Service (Hyper-V)";
"Hyper-V Remote Desktop Virtualization Service";
"Sensor Surveillance Service";
"Sensor Data Service";
"Sensor Service";
Connected User Experience and Telemetry (This is one of the items to turn off Windows 10 snooping);
"Internet Connection Sharing (ICS)". Provided that you do not use Internet Sharing features such as WiFi sharing from a laptop;
"Xbox Live Network Service";
Superfetch (assuming you're using an SSD)
"Print Manager" (if you do not use the printing features, including the built-in Windows 10 printing to PDF);
"Windows Biometric Service";
"Remote registry";
"Secondary login" (assuming you don't use it).

Video: How to manually disable unnecessary services in Windows 10

Incorrectly inserted Windows updates or turning off the PC during the installation of updates

Material on the topic of Windows updates can be measured in gigabytes. The reason for this is the ambiguous attitude of users to system updates. Microsoft actually forces users to update the top ten, in return guaranteeing the system's performance. However, updates do not always lead to improvements. Windows work. Sometimes an attempt to make the OS better results in major problems for the system. There are four main reasons:

users themselves who neglect the message “Do not turn off your computer…” and turn off your device during the update process;
small-scale hardware fails: old and rare processors on which Microsoft developers simply cannot simulate the behavior of updates;
errors while downloading updates;
force majeure: power surges, magnetic storms and other phenomena that may affect the operation of the computer.

Each of the above reasons can lead to a critical system error, as updates replace important components. If the file was replaced incorrectly, an error appeared in it, then an attempt to access it will lead to the OS freezing.

Viruses and antiviruses

Despite all the protection measures, constant warnings to users about Internet security rules, viruses are still a scourge in the operation of all operating systems.

In most cases, users themselves let in malicious software on their devices and then suffer. Viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware - this is not the whole list of types of software that threatens your computer.

But few people know that antiviruses can also damage the system. It's all about how they work. Defender programs act according to a certain algorithm: they search for infected files and, if they are found, try to separate the file code from the virus code. This does not always work, and corrupted files are often quarantined when an unsuccessful attempt to repair them is made. There are also options for deletion or transfer to servers antivirus programs to cleanse from malicious code. But if viruses damage important system files, and the antivirus has isolated them, then when you try to restart the computer, there is a high probability of receiving one of the critical errors, and Windows will not boot.

"Corrupted" applications in autorun

Another cause of problems with loading Windows is poor-quality or buggy startup programs. Only in contrast to the damaged system files, startup programs almost always allow you to start the system, albeit with some time delays. In cases where the errors are more serious, and the system cannot boot, you must use the "Safe Mode" (BR). It does not use autorun programs, so you can load the operating system and remove bad software without any problems.

In the case when the OS cannot be loaded, use the "Safe Mode" using the installation flash drive:

After entering the BR, remove all questionable applications. The next restart of the computer will be in normal mode.

Video: how to enter "Safe Mode" in Windows 10

Hardware reasons

Much less common are hardware reasons for not starting Windows. As a rule, if something breaks inside the computer, then it will not even be possible to start it, let alone boot the OS. However, minor problems with various kinds of manipulations with equipment, replacement and addition of some devices are still possible.

Changing the boot media polling order in the BIOS or connecting a hard drive to a different port on the motherboard (INACCESSIBLE_BOOT_DEVICE error)

During surface home repairs, cleaning the computer from dust, or adding / replacing an operating board or hard drive, critical error of type INACCESSIBLE_BOOT_DEVICE. It may also appear if the order of media for loading the operating system has been changed in the BIOS menu.

There are several methods to deal with the above error:

The problem should disappear after the troubleshooting wizard finishes its work.

Video: how to set the boot order in the BIOS

RAM failure

With the development of technology, each individual element of the "stuffing" of the computer is becoming smaller, lighter and more productive. The consequence of this is that the parts lose their rigidity, become more fragile and vulnerable to damage. mechanical damage. Even dust can adversely affect the performance of individual chips.

If the problem concerns the RAM sticks, then the only way to solve the problem is to buy a new device

RAM is no exception. DDR-slats now and then become unusable, errors appear that do not allow you to boot Windows and work in the correct mode. Often, failures associated with RAM are accompanied by a special speaker signal. motherboard.

Unfortunately, memory stick errors are almost always beyond repair. The only way to fix the problem is to change the device.

Failure of video subsystem elements

Diagnosing problems with any element of the video system of a computer or laptop is very easy. You hear the computer turn on, and even the operating system boots up with characteristic welcome sounds, but the screen remains dead black. In this case, it is immediately clear that the problem is in the video sequence of the computer. But the trouble is that the video output system of information consists of a complex of devices:

video card;
bridge;
motherboard;
screen.

Unfortunately, the user can only check the contact of the video card with motherboard: Try a different connector or connect a different monitor to the video adapter. If these simple manipulations if they did not help you, you need to contact the service center for a deeper diagnosis of the problem.

Some ways to deal with software reasons for not starting Windows 10

by the most the best way Resuscitation of Windows are System Restore Points (SRTs). This tool allows you to rollback the OS to a certain point in time when the error did not yet exist. With this action, you can both prevent the problem from occurring and restore the performance of your system to its original position. In this case, all your programs and settings will be saved.

Restoring the system using TVS

To use system restore points, you need to enable them and set some options:

call context menu icon for This PC and select Properties.
Call the context menu of the "This PC" icon
Click on the "System Protection" button.
The "System Protection" button opens the environment for setting restore points
Select the drive labeled "(System)" and click the "Configure" button. Move the checkbox to "Enable system protection" and move the slider next to the setting " Maximum use» to a value that suits you. This option will set the amount of information used for restore points. It is recommended to select 20-40% and at least 5 GB (depending on the size of your system drive).
Enable system protection and configure the allowable amount of TBC saving

Apply the changes with the OK buttons.

The "Create" button will save the current system configuration in TVS.
The "Create" button will save the current system configuration in TVS

As a result, we have a fixed working OS, which can be subsequently restored. It is recommended that you create restore points every two to three weeks.

To use TVS:

Video: how to create, delete a restore point and roll back Windows 10

System Restore with sfc /scannow

Taking into account the fact that system restore points are not always convenient in terms of creating, and they can also be “eaten up” by viruses or disk errors, it is possible to restore the system programmatically- sfc.exe utility. This method works both in system recovery mode using a bootable USB flash drive, and using "Safe Mode". To run the program for execution, launch the "Command Prompt", enter the command sfc /scannow and run it for execution with the Enter key (suitable for BR).

Performing the "Command Prompt" troubleshooting task in recovery mode looks different due to the fact that more than one operating system may be installed on the same computer.

It is necessary to monitor the drive letter if the OS is not installed in the standard directory of the C drive. After the utility completes, restart the computer.

Video: how to restore system files using Command Prompt in Windows 10

Recovery using a system image

Another opportunity to return Windows health- Recovery using an image file. If you have a dozens distribution on your computer, you can use it to return the OS to its original state.

Reboot your computer and enjoy a working system in which all damaged and incompetent files have been replaced.

Video: how to create a Windows 10 image and restore the system with it

Ways to deal with hardware reasons for not starting Windows 10

Qualified assistance with a hardware failure of the system can only be provided by a specialist service center. If you do not have skills in handling electronic equipment, unwinding, removing, soldering anything is strongly not recommended.

Fixing a hard drive problem

It should be noted that most of the hardware causes of non-startup are related to hard drive. Since most of the information is stored on it, the hard drive is often attacked by errors: files and data sectors are damaged. Accordingly, accessing these places on the hard disk leads to a system freeze, and the OS simply does not boot. Luckily, Windows has a tool that can help you with simple situations.

Cleaning your computer from dust

Overheating, poor contacts of bus and device connections can be triggered by an abundance of dust in the system unit.

Check the connections of the devices to the motherboard without resorting to excessive force.
Clean and blow out all the dust you can get to, using soft brushes or cotton swabs.
Check the condition of the wires and tires for defects, swelling. There should be no bare parts and plugs without connection to the power supply.

If dusting and checking connections did not work, system restore did not help, you need to contact a service center.

Video: how to properly clean the system unit from dust

Windows may not start for various reasons. Both software and hardware errors are possible, but neither of them are critical in most cases. This means that they can be fixed without the help of specialists, guided only by simple instructions.

Let's talk about what to do if Windows 10 won't boot. Most often, the problem manifests itself in the fact that the system won't load past the splash screen with the Microsoft logo or black screen is displayed. An important point: in this article we will consider options for solving a malfunction, implying that the problem is precisely in the software. Therefore, if you have suspicions that Windows 10 does not start due to a hardware malfunction, or some specific error is generated, you need to look for a solution by the name of the error or a specific symptom of a hardware malfunction.

Random startup crashes in Windows 10 and how to fix them

If Windows 10 won't boot, first we advise you to check the following couple of methods to solve boot problems. They are often associated with a temporary OS failure. These tips may seem strange to you, but these are the solutions most often described by users in the comments.

1. Turn off the Internet and restart your computer. Sometimes when a black screen appears on boot, it helps to disconnect the patch cord from network card, switch off wifi laptop or turn off the power of the router.

2. Press and hold the power button for more than 4 seconds to force the computer to shut down. After a few seconds, turn it back on and try to start Windows. It happens that the PC incorrectly (so to speak "not completely") left the hibernation mode.

Checking your computer for viruses

The reason that Windows 10 does not start may be viruses. Therefore, we advise you to create bootable media with DrWEB antivirus and check the system. How to do this is written in.

Checking free disk space

Check if there is enough space for system drive(usually the C: drive). Due to its lack, problems often arise with starting the operating system. If necessary, clean up the space by moving some files from folders such as Downloads, Video or Images to another disk. You can clear the space by booting from any LiveCD - even from the same DrWEB LiveUSB, which we talked about in previous paragraph.

Boot in safe mode and remove problematic software

So, boot into Safe Mode. The last section of the article describes step by step how to do this if Windows 10 does not start. If you succeeded in entering Safe Mode, then this fact in itself indicates that the malfunction most likely at the program level (although there are exceptions).

Now, as mentioned above, you need to either uninstall the program, after which Windows 10 stopped loading, or the driver, depending on your case.

Removing an update:

Driver removal:

Rollback to a restore point

System Restore can be started either from safe mode, or booted from a Windows 10 installation flash drive. The second option is more reliable:

1. Create bootable flash drive with Windows 10. How to do this is described in. It is important that when creating the media, you select the same edition, language, and bitness as the current OS that is not bootable.

3. Select language, input method and press Further:

4. In the next window, select System Restore:

5. Then Diagnostics → Extra options → System Restore. There is a caveat here: if the update was not enabled in advance, then restoring the system to an earlier state will not work. If there are points, try to roll back. If one doesn't work, try another. To learn how to try to roll back the system if the system does not start, read ours.

Reverting Windows 10 to its original state (reset)

If none of the above helps and you still do not start Windows 10, then to restore the computer to working capacity, it remains to do a reset. For this:

1. Boot again from the installation USB. Press any key when you see Press any key to boot from CD or DVD…

2. Choose a language

3. Select System Restore:

4. Select Diagnostics and Reset your computer:

choose delete everything,
select your copy of Windows
click Only the disk on which it is installed Windows system (in most cases yours will be C: drive),
press Just delete my files.

Then press the button Return to original state:

The return procedure is not fast compared to the other methods described above. However, if your Windows 10 won't boot due to serious software problems, then this method often really helps to solve the problem.

Most of the features that the average owner uses desktop computers and laptops are available to humans through the use of special operating systems on the technology. The most popular operating system is a product from Microsoft. Therefore, if Windows 7 or one of the other OS options does not boot, the user has serious problems.

There are a lot of reasons why Windows 10 (7, 8, XP) does not boot. Often in this case, an unpleasant situation is accompanied by a message about a specific error. But what to do if Windows 10 (7, 8, XP) does not boot on a laptop or a regular PC without such messages? There are several universal ways treatments that can lead to a way out of the current situation.

Selecting the type of download

This is the easiest fix if Windows 7 or another type of operating system from Microsoft does not boot. What will need to be done:

Start restarting your computer.
Press the "F8" button.
In the proposed list, select the launch point with the most successful configuration.

In some cases, this action is quite enough when Windows 7 (8, 10, XP) does not load.

Windows Recovery

So, Windows won't boot. Windows can be tried to return to full functioning using the recovery menu. To do this, of course, you need to have on hand boot disk with the correct OS. What actions should the user perform in this case if Windows 7, 8, 10 and XP does not boot:

Insert the source into the drive.
Change the priority in BIOS. That is, the operating system should not start with hard drive, namely from the DVD-ROM.
After starting the process, you will need to press the "R" button.
Select the variant to restore.
Wait for results. Restart the machine one more time.
Everything early does not boot Windows XP (7, 8, 10)? Next option.

Recovery in the OS itself

If the previous operations were carried out, and Windows 7 does not boot anyway, you can try to restore it directly using the tools of the operating system itself. Everything is quite simple:

Pressing the magic button "F8".

Selecting further boot in security mode.

Receipt limited access to the operating room.

Making the transition: "Start" - "Standard" - "Utilities" - "Recovery".

An attempt to return the OS to an earlier state that was stable.

Naturally, at the end, you will need to restart the computer to check - Windows 10 (7.8, XP) does not load or has the problem been resolved with a positive outcome?

boot file treatment

If after windows updates 7 won't load then possible reason the trouble lies in the corrupted Boot.ini boot file. To fix the problem, you will need to follow these steps:

Start the PC using the same external source.
In the recovery menu, go to the command line.
Enter the phrase "Bootcfg / add".

Wait for the process to complete and initiate another reboot to check if Windows 8 or its equivalent of another version does not boot, or did the treatment help in this predicament?

Boot record defect

Another variant of trouble with Windows. Windows not loading? The boot record may have been corrupted. In this situation, you will need to repeat almost completely the procedure described in the previous paragraph, but enter a completely different phrase into the command line. Namely: "Fixmbr \Device\HardDisk0".

Perhaps this action will be quite enough when Windows 7 does not boot, hangs on the logo.

Damage to the boot sector on the hard drive

This nuisance can lead to a situation where, for example, Windows 7 does not load further than "Welcome". Here, the treatment is also quite simple - the actions are repeated with the launch of the line for commands from the computer user, into which you should drive in "Fixboot" and then the letter that is responsible for the hard disk partition where the installed OS version is located.

Quick reinstall

Sometimes, if the computer does not boot past the Windows 7 splash screen, only a reinstallation can help. But it is not at all necessary to launch a full-fledged procedure that lasts long enough. You can speed up this process. It is a very powerful treatment tool, as it is able to cope with most of the troubles that have arisen.

What is required from a person:

Run again from the boot disk.
Press the "R" button, then the "Esc" key.
Choose quick reinstallation OSes.

It is important to understand that this procedure can only work if identical versions of the OS are located on the disk and on the hard drives. That is, if, for example, Windows 10 does not boot after the update, but you should not try to quickly reinstall using a boot disk with Windows 7 or 8 for this purpose.

Conclusion

A special case of such a situation can be a constant automatic reboot OS. Naturally, this option excludes the possibility of any medical processes. To break this sequence, you will need to press the "F8" button the next time you start the system and go to the "Advanced Options" menu. After that, disable the OS reboot procedure and when failures are detected. Well, then, you can use one of the treatment options described above.

All described methods are universal. That is, they are recommended to be used only when it is not possible to accurately determine the root cause of the malfunction. Most often, the user can see a message on the monitor screen, where a specific error code is indicated. And each of them has its own method of correcting an unpleasant situation. Most of them can be easily found on this Internet resource dedicated to answers to questions related to OS damage from Microsoft.

You have installed Windows 10 and are looking forward to trying it out new system clicked on reload. It is interesting to find out how much space the new OS takes, what programs it offers by default, what advanced system configuration is capable of.

The start screens changed each other, but Windows does not start and does not work. Instead of a desktop, you see or something similar. Thus, after installing Windows 10, you received some kind of global error that prevents the system from starting correctly.

What is the reason

If the latest operating system does not work, then . Among them:

incorrect operation of hardware drivers (often video cards, less often other components);
damage to system files (in case of updating Windows from an old version);
program conflict (also when updating).

By the way: this can happen due to the connected second monitor (in this case, the image simply does not work). Therefore, if this is your case, turn off the second display and reboot. May I help.

If there is only one monitor and the system is not working, the first thing to take care of is to try to start the freshly installed OS in safe mode. From there it will be possible to configure Windows settings.

But first, some experts recommend checking if the problem is the result of a malfunctioning video card driver. In this case, the system starts up, just does not display the picture on the display. And since it is fully functional, you can load the desktop and do some manipulations blindly.

Worth trying to reboot. This can also be done “barbarically” - by clicking on a button, but it’s better to do the following, carefully monitoring which keys you press:

Press Backspace a few times.
Enter the password to log in to the system (you may need to switch the layout - the key combination Win (with the Windows logo) + Space should work).
Wait a minute or two (for the OS to boot to 100% if it starts at all).
Press Win+R to launch Command Prompt.
Without touching the mouse, type the command shutdown / r from the keyboard and press Enter.
Wait 10 seconds and press Enter again.

If the problem was really the video driver, the computer will restart and you will see a working screen (probably). In such cases, the cause is a conflict with the so-called fast Windows startup 10 and the only way to avoid repeating the error - disable it, replacing it with a normal start and complete shutdown of the PC.

If nothing happens when doing the above manipulations, you can take a chance and turn off the PC by holding down the power button. If the image appears when you restart it, do not put it off for later, launch the control panel: there you will find the settings for the actions of the power buttons (in the “Power Options” section).

How to Start Windows in Safe Mode

Safe mode is called so because in it the system loads only programs from Microsoft itself and nothing else. By starting the system in safe mode, you can remove the “wrong” video driver or other program that you think may be causing the operating system to start up conflicts.

It's good if Windows 10 greets you with a visual error message, and not just a black screen. In the first case, you can enable safe mode visually, and in the second, again you have to act blindly. You need to know the exact places of all buttons and inscriptions in order to navigate with arrows and how many times to press the "Enter" key.

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And so, you have a pleasant evening at the computer - play, chat, surf the net, and Windows quickly executes your commands. Everything is great! Idyll! However, do not think that this will always be the case. Know: the insidious Windows is preparing a trick for you. She is just waiting for the moment when some urgent business overtakes you in order to ... show you a fig. More precisely - do not boot.

Windows boot failure is an ordinary phenomenon, but according to the law of meanness, it usually happens when a computer is really needed. So that the situation does not take you by surprise, it is important to prepare for it in advance. Let's talk about what to do if Windows 10 does not load, why this happens and what each user should have in order to solve this problem as quickly as possible.

Why is it not loading

The reasons for the unloadability of the "dozens" are software and hardware. Software related to the removal (damage) of boot and system files and / or registry keys responsible for starting. They are usually to blame for:

Installing another operating system on another partition of the drive (the new OS replaces the bootloader with the old one).
Experiments with disk partitions - compression, merging, splitting, formatting, and more. A typical error, which is just a consequence of this, is "" (the system loader is compressed).

Unskilled editing by hands of the system registry.
The use of various “cleaners-tweakers” to speed up and decorate the system, which “accidentally” change the registry keys responsible for starting, patch files, etc.
Incorrectly inserted Windows updates or turning off the PC during the installation of updates.
Viruses and antiviruses. Don't be surprised, the latter can do just as much harm as the former if used thoughtlessly. It's like swallowing pills indiscriminately, hoping that among them will be the right one.
Faulty hardware drivers. Loading in such cases is usually interrupted by a blue screen of death, sometimes indicating the name of the driver that caused the problem.
"Clumsy" applications in autorun. In this case, the failure occurs at the later stages of loading - shortly before the appearance of the desktop.

Hardware reasons for not starting Windows 10:

Change the polling order bootable media in the BIOS (the computer looks for the Windows bootloader not on the system disk, but, for example, on flash drives).
Connecting a drive to a different port on the motherboard it was previously working on - if the drive failed after being removed and reinstalled installation of a hard disk to a computer. Manifested by the error INACCESSIBLE_BOOT_DEVICE on the blue screen of death.

Faulty or bad connection of the system drive. Often manifested by the message "" (system loader unavailable) on a black screen. Sometimes - stops, restarts, BSoDs at any stage of loading.

RAM failure. As with disk problems, it manifests itself with reboots and blue screens at any stage of startup.
Failure of video subsystem elements. Windows may boot, but you won't see it because the screen will remain black. Sometimes the fact that the system has booted up can only be recognized by a characteristic sound.
Other hardware problems such as motherboard, peripherals, etc.

Better prepare for the worst

Since 80-90% of cases of non-starting Windows 10 are due to software failures, today's article is devoted to methods of dealing with them.

So, in order to restore the normal start of Windows, the computer must be loaded into the recovery environment. If you have previously used Windows 7, then you know that this very environment is installed on disk along with the main system. And to enter it, you need to open the menu additional ways download (by pressing F8 after turning on the computer) and go to the section " Troubleshooting».

The top ten also has a recovery environment, but since its boot time has significantly decreased compared to Windows 7, the interval when you can call up the boot menu has also become much shorter. The chance to have time to press the desired key at this time (more precisely, the combination of F8 and Shift) remained only in one case: if the system is installed on HDD MBR standard and in the power settings of a PC or laptop, the option is disabled quick launch. If the system is on an SSD or GPT hard drive, you will need bootable media.

For disaster recovery of Windows 10, it is optimal to keep its official distribution on a DVD or flash drive, and the same bit depth as installed on a PC. As an alternative, you can use the boot utility package MS DaRT 10 (Microsoft Diagnostic and Recovery Toolset for Windows 10 ).

MS DaRT distributions (in the past called "ERD Commander") are officially distributed only on paid subscription but they are easy to find online. For example, on torrent trackers. Windows 10 images are available for download from the Microsoft website.

As an example, I will use the home release of the “tens”, recorded on a bootable USB flash drive, since it has everything you need.

Booting into the Windows 10 Recovery Environment

In the event of a download blockage, the “ten”, as a rule, tries to recover itself. When she succeeds, the user does not receive any notifications, it just takes longer to start the computer than usual. If unsuccessful, a message may appear on the screen, as in the screenshot below, but more often it will simply be “Malevich’s square” with or without a cursor, or blue screen death with a sad emoticon.

The failure option shown in the screenshot can be considered relatively favorable. Clicking, " Extra options» you will be taken to the recovery environment installed on your hard drive, and you will not have to boot into it from external media. But we will consider a more severe case, when the system does not show any signs of life.

Connect the media to your computer, reboot, and make it the first boot device.

The window that you will see first after booting from a USB flash drive (DVD) will prompt you to select the system language. If Russian is selected, click " Further».

Next, you will be prompted to proceed with the installation or Windows recovery. Click " System Restore».

On the screen " Choice of action» click « Troubleshooting". Here you are right there.

tens launch recovery options

In the recovery options section (screen " Extra options”), there are 5 subsections:

System Restore. Selecting this option launches the standard Windows utility rstrui.exe, the purpose of which is to roll back the system to one of the saved checkpoints.
Restoring a system image. Launches the Windows Deployment Wizard from backup created own funds OS.
Boot recovery. Fixes errors in boot files and partitions.
Command line. Allows you to run various system utilities.
Revert to a previous build. Performs a rollback to a previous installed version OS if it has been upgraded to Windows 10.

Rollback to checkpoint

Reverting to a newly created checkpoint is the best first aid for all kinds of system failures, including when you don't know the cause.

Clicking on the first item launches, most likely, the recovery utility you already know. It is enough to select the date and time for which you want to rollback, and follow the instructions on the screen.

To use this option, you must have at least one saved checkpoint and a properly functioning system restore function. If the latter was disabled before the failure, skip this step and try other methods.

Boot recovery

This option effectively helps in case of damage or deletion of boot files, for example, when installing an additional OS on another disk partition after Windows 10. As well as in case of accidental formatting or other manipulations with the System Reserved partition.

Command line

The command line itself doesn't restore anything, but it gives you the ability to run other tools. So, with its help, we can open windows explorer to view the installation location (partition letters in the recovery environment and during normal system boot usually do not match), run the system file error fixer, registry editor, and bootloader repair utilities.

If rollback to checkpoint and auto-recovery at startup (the first and second options) did not give the desired result, the console utility often helps to increase the load of "dozens" BCDBoot. It recreates the hidden "System Reserved" partition and copies the boot files from the Windows directory to it.

For BCDBoot to work correctly, you must specify the location Windows folders on the hard drive. To find out, you can use the utility diskpart, but I think it's more convenient to do this through the explorer.

So, to get into the explorer, open the command line and run notepad in it ( notepad).

While in notepad, go to the menu " File”, choose “ Open' and go to the folder ' This computer". Next, let's go through the partitions of the disk and determine which of them contains the system directory. In my example, this is drive D.

Then we return to the command line and execute the instruction:

BCDboot D:\Windows

Please note that your path to the system folder may be different.

In 80% of cases, this is enough for the "ten" to be able to start normally. But in about 20% of cases, the command does not work correctly - it does not restore all boot files. To help the utility a little, before executing the instructions in command line you need to format the reserved boot partition (in my example, drive C) in FAT32. This can also be done using diskpart, but I find it more convenient to use File Explorer.

The following two console commands rebuild boot records the entire drive (MBR) and the system partition (VBR). They are used to solve problems with Windows launch on MBR disks.

Execute the commands one after the other in this order:

bootrec /fixmbr

bootrec /fixboot

If you accidentally complete them on GPT disk, nothing bad will happen.

In some cases, startup problems arise due to damage not to boot, but to the main system files, for example, after virus attack. As you may know, to fix them in Windows there is special utility Sfc.exe. So, thanks to the command line, it can also be run in the recovery environment.

The command to find and fix errors in protected system files in the recovery environment looks like this:

sfc /scannow /offbootdir=D:\ /offwindir=D:\

Parameter offbootdir determines the location of the main boot partition(in my example, as you remember, this is drive D), and offwindir– path to the system folder.

Using the command line, you can also fix registry errors on an unbootable system. But, unlike the previous instructions, this requires certain experience and qualifications, because the user needs to know exactly what to correct and how the erroneous entries should look normal.

I will not dwell on registry errors that cause Windows 10 to fail to boot, as this is the topic of a separate large article. I will describe only the method of launching the editor regedit.exe in the recovery environment and open the registry files in it so that you have the opportunity to fix the errors that you know about.

So, to start the editor, we write the word on the command line regedit and press Enter.

You will see that some kind of registry is already present in the utility window that opens, but not the one you need. Before us is our own recovery environment registry, and we are interested in the main system.

To load RegEdit files Windows Registry 10 select the section in the left half of the editor window HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE or HKEY_USERS, open the menu File” and click the item “ Download hive».

In the explorer window that opens after that, go to the folder D:\Windows\System32\Config(your drive letter may be different) and select the desired file.

Files without an extension in the \System32\Config folder are the components (bushes) of the Windows 10 registry. The main ones are circled.

Give the hive any friendly name (it will be temporary until you unload it) and click OK.

Next, open the section into which we loaded the bush, and here it is in front of us, available for editing. In my example, this is the registry file software, which I temporarily renamed to soft_win_10.

After making edits, go back to the editor menu " File» and press « Unload bush».

Revert to a previous build

This recovery method is available for a short time (10-30 days, depending on the license terms) after updating Windows 7 or 8 to Windows 10. It is possible only if the files of the previous OS are saved, which are placed in the Windows.old folder.

When reverting to a previously installed build, the user's personal files will remain intact, but everything done after the upgrade will be undone.

Restoring a system image

Restoring an image from a backup helps to restore the system to working capacity in case of any problems, but the problem is that almost no one creates these images.

If you are an exception to the rule and a happy owner of a relatively fresh backup, select the item marked in the screenshot in the list of options,