Designation rj 45. RJ45 connector pinout by color

To form Internet networks, including local ones, special connecting cables with an rj 45 connector are used. The rj 45 connector is installed from two cable ends for subsequent switching between computers, routers, network sockets.

twisted pair

A twisted pair cable is a cable with wires twisted in pairs and enclosed in a common sheath of insulating material. This technique is used to reduce interference that can be caused by electromagnetic fields that are close to the cable (two wires in a pair perceive them identically), and to eliminate interference from one wire to another when a differentiated signal is transmitted.

Types of cables:

1. UTP. Unprotected version with conventional plastic insulation;
2. FTP. The presence of a common shielding sheath made of foil. Another type of S/FTP is with an additional overall copper braid;
3. STP. A shielding shell is applied separately for each pair. S/STP - Adds a shared external screen.

Cable pinout

The rj 45 cable has eight cores, each of which is painted in its own color. All 8 wires must be brought into special sockets that the rj45 connector has (a separate socket for each core), and then crimp the network cable.

Pinoutrj45 produced in two main ways:

1. Direct, when connecting the Internet connection of computers with routers and switches;
2. Cross. Used to connect a cable to an outlet from other electrical outlets or between computers directly when designing local networks.

Important! A twisted pair cable uses 4 cores for Internet networks with a transfer rate of 100 Mbps. The remaining wires serve as a backup for transmission over gigabit networks.

How to crimp an Internet cable depends on the choice of color scheme, which exists in two versions: T 568A and T 568B. The pinout of the twisted pair by color is made according to these standards, shown in the figure below. The most commonly used option is T 568B.

If a direct twisted-pair crimping scheme is used, then both ends of the network cable for the Internet use option A-A or B-B, if cross, then A-B. For cabling, an identical twisted-pair pinout scheme is used.

In a twisted pair, 4 cores are involved in this way: orange + orange with white and green + green with white. If you look not by colors, but by numbers, then sockets 1-2 of the connector are for signal transmission, 3-6 for reception. Jacks that are not used are connected directly in direct and cross circuits.

Note. With the remaining four cores, you can connect another Ethernet line, as well as a telephone connection.

If you need to crimp a twisted pair of 8 cores for gigabit connections, then crimping the cable from one end is done according to the T 568V scheme, and from the other - use this layout:

• 1 - green with white;
• 2 - green;
• 3 - orange with white;
• 4 - brown;
• 5 - white with brown;
• 6 - orange;
• 7 - white with blue;
• 8 - blue.

Crimping

Crimping a twisted pair of 8 cores is carried out using the necessary tools: scissors or a stripper for stripping insulation and a crimper - a crimping manual device. Two rg 45 connectors must be prepared for the two ends of the cable.

To crimp the Internet cable, the following steps are performed:

1. Cut off part of the cable to the desired length;
2. Cut off the upper cable insulation about 3 centimeters from the end and unwind the cores formed by the twisted pairs;

Important! Take the rj 45 connector, positioning it so that the latch is at the back and the contacts are at the top. Then contact number 1, indicated on the pinout diagram, will be the far left, all subsequent ones to the right.

1. After choosing a pinout scheme from two options, each conductor is inserted into its socket, clearly following the color codes. Insert the cores to the stop;
2. Place the connector in the special groove of the crimper and squeeze the handles. It turned out a ready-made connector that connects to a computer and other necessary inputs.

Transition module

Sometimes during installation or operation it is necessary to extend the Internet cables. For this, a convenient device is used - a transition module. It has two ports: for one rj45 connector and another rj45. Then one cable is connected to one port, the next - to another.

In this way, it is possible to remove a part of the cable with damaged outer insulation by cutting it and connecting it through an adapter module. It is important that the pinout of both connectors is made according to the same scheme.

Crimping rj 45 without tools

You can crimp the Internet cable at home using a regular screwdriver. Often the need for this arises when the outer insulation of the cable or the connector itself is accidentally damaged. Of course, not every house will have crimpers, and it is not advisable to buy them for the sake of one operation.

Just in case, you need to prepare additional connectors, since it is not always possible for beginners to crimp a twisted pair cable with a screwdriver the first time.

Crimping stepsrj 45:

1. Cut off the damaged part of the cable or connector with an arbitrary cutting tool;
2. Remove the insulating sheath starting 5 cm from the cable end;
3. Dissolve the plexus of all eight wires and cut them off 1.5-2 centimeters from the edge of the removed outer sheath;

Important! The cut must be very even, strictly perpendicular to the cable axis. Otherwise, not all wiring will be connected to the contacts.

1. Place the wires in the connector according to the diagram. Make sure that each posting is brought to the stop wall;
2. The contacts in the connector are slightly raised. They need to be pressed. You can use pliers for this. As a result, the contacts will be on the surface without a protrusion;
3. The next part of the operation is to press them inward so that the sharp parts of the contacts break through the insulation and connect to the cores. Each contact individually must be pressed with a screwdriver bit. You will have to make some efforts, but at the same time try not to deform the contacts;

1. Then a larger screwdriver is taken, with its help it is necessary to press on a wide depression on the connector housing, lower than the contacts, than the cable itself is firmly fixed in the connector.

Crimping rj in a handicraft way is not ideal, but it is able to cope with its task - to get an Internet connection in an emergency.

After crimping the cable connectors on both sides, the craftsmen usually check the connection using special devices. For this purpose, a multimeter with thin probes is also suitable. It is necessary to ring each vein. If there are no devices, the operability of the connection is checked by connecting to a computer.

Video

| Posted on 04/11/2017 |

How to properly crimp RJ-45 connectors (category 5, twisted pair). Direct wiring. Cross wiring

1. Direct crimping of the twisted pair leading from workstation to the concentrator.

2. Cross-link (crossover, crossover) twisted-pair crimping procedure.

It is used when it is required to interconnect 2 hubs that do not have uplink / normal switching, as well as for direct connection 2 computers.

Wiring (cutting) options for an eight-core twisted pair

The 100Base-T Ethernet standard uses four cores (orange and green pair), and the remaining four are reserved for the standard. gigabit ethernet(1000Base-T). There are two wiring options 568A or 568B, the choice is yours. The second option (568B) is more commonly used. The most important thing is that one of the options is used throughout the network.

Appearance of the RJ-45 connector with pin numbering

Cable routing for connecting a computer to network equipment(patch cord) is presented in the table, the figures to the right of the table show appearance cable prepared for insertion into the connector (both connectors are crimped the same):

The cable layout for connecting the network cards of two computers directly differs only in that at one end of the cable the green and orange pairs are reversed. Simply put, we get a cable with one connector is crimped according to variant 586A, and the second one according to variant 586B. Such a cable is called a crossover or null-hub cable. The same wiring is used for cascading (connecting) hubs. In table form, this option looks like this:

Two computers can be connected using the wiring shown in the table below, but it is much more difficult to remember, so I give this option only for the sake of completeness of the review of the issue.

Twisted pair cable is classified according to two standards: ISO 11801 and EIA/TIA 568. It got its name because of the presence of paired cores twisted together.

To date, there are several twisted-pair and RJ-45 connector crimping schemes. Despite the rapid development wireless technologies, the network wire continues to be actively used to connect a PC to the Internet and to create local area networks (LANs).

Color pinout of the RJ45 connector

Each twisted pair wire has its own color. This allows the devices to be properly connected, as each cord performs a specific task. However, when wiring one color to another, it does not pose a danger, and the signal will continue to be transmitted. For example, when connecting white-orange instead of orange, the operation of the devices will not be disturbed. Today, two RJ45 twisted-pair crimping schemes are used: T658a and T568b. They are similar in many ways, only the green and orange wires are reversed. When connecting an Internet cable between a PC and a router, the second scheme is more often used.

Twisted pair connectors have 8 pins, of which only half can be used. If the user does not have high requirements for the connection speed and 100 Mb / s is enough, then only 4 contacts can be used. All positions are used only when creating high-grade networks with a bandwidth of 1 Gb / s. How these socket layouts look like can be seen in the photo.

For correct crimping of the mains cable one of three methods is used:

To properly press network cable, several steps must be taken. First of all, you should remove the insulation from it. At this point, extreme care must be taken to avoid damaging the colored wires. When all eight strands are visible, they must be separated and cut to the same length. After that, you can choose the scheme in accordance with which the Internet cable will be crimped.

straight type

It is suitable for transferring any traffic. The only condition for trouble-free operation will be the use of the same circuit at each end of the cable. The most commonly used is T568 B. If the transmitted traffic does not exceed 100 Mb / s, then a 4-core cable can be used. After removing the insulation, lay out all the wiring correctly in accordance with the diagram used.

When inserting them into the plug, it is important to follow the sequence of cores, since it is no longer possible to re-crimp the cores. When the wires have been inserted into the connector as far as they will go, use a special crimping tool that resembles pliers. Squeeze it strongly and the crimping of the network cable can be considered completed.

cross type

This RJ45 pinout is used to create local network between two computers. The crimping process itself does not differ from that discussed above. If when creating a direct Internet cable, one color scheme is used at each of its ends, then both should be used in this case.

As mentioned above, an inverted type of cable is sometimes used. However, it is only used by network administrators. At home, a console cable is not required. Before starting the cable crimping procedure, it is necessary to accurately calculate its length. Although twisting can be used to extend a twisted pair, it is best to avoid it.

Crimping diagram for a 4-core network cable

The four-conductor Internet cable was widely used during the mass expansion of the Internet. Its cost is almost two times lower compared to the eight-core, but the connection speed cannot exceed 100 Mb / s. In such a situation, the use of a four-core cable is financially beneficial.

If a patch cord is created for a network with a low data transfer rate, but only an 8-core cable is available, then it makes no sense to expand all the pairs. To connect, use wires numbered 1 to 3 and 6. Thus, you first need to decide which network cable you will use in order to get the desired connection speed.

Work without special tools

Often there is no crimper at hand. To make a patch cord on your own in such a situation, you can use a regular screwdriver. However, this will greatly complicate the process for two reasons:

• hard to achieve High Quality installation.
• There is an increased risk of connector breakage or damage to the patch cord.

Here is the algorithm of actions in this situation:

• Steps are being taken to cut the twisted pair.
• All wires are sorted according to the selected color scheme.
• The cores are cut to the same length and carefully inserted into the connector.
• After turning the plug with the latch down and the contacts up, it must be placed on a flat surface. In this case, the latch must remain free to avoid damage.
• Gently press down on the connector latch and lock it to secure the cable.
• Using a screwdriver, push all the contacts into the housing.

Extreme care should be taken here, as the plates are easily damaged.

According to the EIA/TIA-568 specification, there are several color schemes crimping a twisted pair network cable (patch cord) into an RJ-45 connector to connect a computer to a router, hub, switch or connect two computers to each other.

The network plug is usually called RJ-45, although its correct name is 8P8C. And RJ (Registered Jack) is the name of a standard that describes the design of a plug-in connection between a plug and a socket.

All the photographs below show one split utp cable designed for use in LAN (Local Area Network) and DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) networks, with twisted pairs crimped at its ends into RJ-45 plugs.

RJ-45 crimping color scheme computer - hub for the Internet

option B, the most common option.

Twisted pair lan cable crimp color code by option A.

As you can see in the photo, in both versions, the ends of the lan cable are crimped according to the same electrical circuit, only two twisted pairs are swapped. A green twisted pair is crimped in place of the orange twisted pair, and orange is crimped in place of the green twisted pair.

Twisted pairs of utp cables, crimped both in option A and option B, interchangeable. So you can compress according to any color scheme option that you like best, this will not affect the performance of the lan network.

Color scheme for crimping RJ-45 two-pair twisted-pair cable

Currently, a twisted pair network cable has appeared on sale, in which instead of the traditional four there are only two twisted pairs. And this is economically justified, since 90% of cable lines for the Internet use only two twisted pairs.

As you can see circuit diagram the connection of the RJ-45 pins has not changed, only the blue one is crimped instead of the green pair.

Such a cable twisted pair according to option B, they are crimped according to the scheme presented above in the photo. When crimping option A, the pairs are simply swapped. Instead of an orange pair, a blue one is crimped, and instead of a blue one, an orange one.

RJ-45 crimping color scheme Computer - computer

If you need to create a local lan network of two or more computers without using additional active equipment (hub, switch or router), for example, for group games, then for this case the EIA / TIA specification provides for the following twisted-pair network cable cutting. To create a network of two computers, it is enough to insert one such twisted-pair cable into their network ports.

Please note that the opposite ends of the computer-to-computer twisted-pair lan cable are crimped according to different color schemes.

RJ-45 twisted pairs are crimped with a tool called a crimping tool. If there are no pliers at hand, then you can use twisted pair crimping technology without pliers.

All of the above color schemes for utp twisted pair cable pinouts are currently out of date. Modern network cards, switches, hubs and routers, thanks to the support of Auto-MDIX technology, automatically determine the twisted-pair cable crimping option and perform internal adjustments. So that modern computer, when creating a network, you can connect at least to a hub, or to another computer without thinking about the color scheme for twisted pair cable pinouts.

RJ-45 crimp color scheme
PoE IEEE 802.3af and IEEE 802.3at

The PoE IEEE 802.3af standard provides for the possibility of transmitting an information signal and supplying power to the device over a single twisted pair cable crimped with an RJ-45 connector. This eliminates the need for an additional wire for supplying voltage.

Regardless of the RJ-45 crimping options, from the positive output of the power supply, voltage is applied simultaneously to pins 4 and 5 (blue pair), and the negative output to pins 7 and 8 (brown pair).

As a rule, twisted-pair cable pinout according to the PoE IEEE 802.3af standard is used when creating video surveillance systems that use a switch, for example, a 9-port PoE switch ROKA R-KM-POE0801, in which each port has the ability to feed through RJ-45 constant voltage 12V power up to 30W.

RJ-45 Crimp Color Scheme 4 Wires for Internet

When connecting a computer to the Internet or creating a local network, rarely does anyone use the full capabilities of a twisted-pair lan cable. This is usually due to a lack of information.

When transmitting a signal over twisted pairs of a CAT5 cable (speed up to 100 Mbps), only two pairs of wires out of the four available in the cable are involved. One pair for receiving a signal, the second for transmitting, which is clearly demonstrated by the above electrical connection diagram network card computer with a twisted-pair cable with an RJ-45 connector to a switch hub or router.

As can be seen from the diagram, each of the two pairs of lan cables is connected to a computer and a switch hub or router using a transformer symmetrical circuit. The advantage of the transformer circuit is the suppression of interference and interference and provide a high degree of protection against short circuits and errors when installed in a twisted pair cable.

If it becomes necessary to lay an additional line or if the pairs in the twisted pair network cable are partially damaged, it is possible, without degrading the data transfer rate, to double the number of lines or repair the twisted pair cable by crimping the RJ-45 plugs to previously unused twisted pairs.

The RJ-45 twisted-pair cable crimp color schemes below are the same as above, but they only show the lan conductors of the twisted-pair cable that are used to carry information. Twisted pairs that do not fit close to the RJ45 plug are usually crimped, but the signal is not transmitted over them and they can be used to transmit additional information.

RJ-45 crimping color scheme 4 wires computer hub

Twisted-pair crimping, option B. The signal is transmitted only on orange and green pairs.

Twisted pair crimping, option A. The signal is also transmitted only over green and orange pairs, but the twisted pairs are crimped in the RJ-45 plug to other contacts.

RJ-45 crimping color scheme 4 wires computer - computer

Crimping twisted pair computer-to-computer. The signal is transmitted only on green and orange pairs.

Color scheme of crimping RJ-45 computer - hub during repair

What is the difference between a patch cord and a twisted pair cable

A patch cord, or as it is also called a patch cord, is designed to be interconnected electronic devices, for example, a computer with a hub, a switch, or two computers between each other in case the devices need to be moved relative to each other during operation.

For the manufacture of a patch cord, a twisted pair cable is taken, the cores in which are made of stranded wire so that they do not break with frequent kinks. For crimping such a cable, special RJ-45 connectors are used. ANSI EIA TIA 568B.1 requires a patch cord to be no longer than five meters. Connecting devices using a patch cord is economically feasible if they often move relative to each other during operation.

A computer local and Internet network is created using special cables. And in order to reduce the impact of various interferences, a twisted pair is used, which is laid from the router to the computer or between the PCs. The specialists of the portal "2 Schemes" will tell you in detail about the types of such cables, their installation and features of use. The design of the cable consists of 8 cores, which are twisted together and placed in a common braid. Usually 4 pairs of UTP cables are used, for example, such.

Types of color schemes for crimping LAN cables

According to the EIA / TIA-568 specification, there are several color schemes for crimping a lan cable of twisted pairs (patch cords) into an RJ-45 connector for connecting computers to a router, hub, switch, or connecting two computers to each other.

What is the difference between a patch cord and a twisted pair cable? A patch cord, or as it is also called a patch cord, is designed to connect electronic devices to each other, such as a computer with a hub, a switch, or two computers to each other. For the manufacture of a patch cord, a twisted pair cable is taken, the cores in which are made of stranded wire so that they do not break with frequent kinks. For crimping such a cable, special RJ-45 connectors are used.

Types of cables for the Internet

Shielding provides better protection from electromagnetic pickups, both external and internal, etc. The shield is connected along its entire length to an uninsulated drain wire, which unites the shield in case of division into sections in case of excessive bending or stretching of the cable.

• unprotected twisted pair(UTP - Unshielded twisted pair) - absent protective screen around a single pair, most often it is UTP category 5 and higher;
• foil twisted pair(FTP - Foiled twisted pair) - also known as F / UTP, there is one common external screen in the form of a foil;
• Protected twisted pair(STP - Shielded twisted pair) - there is protection in the form of a screen for each pair and a common external screen in the form of a grid;
• Foil Shielded Twisted Pair(S/FTP - Screened Foiled twisted pair) - outer screen made of copper braid and each pair in foil braid;
• Unprotected shielded twisted pair(SF / UTP - Screened Foiled Unshielded twisted pair) - a double outer shield made of copper braid and foil, each twisted pair is unprotected.

Crimping a twisted pair with a screwdriver

You can crimp the network cable without a crimp. If there is no special tool at hand, then you can use a regular flat screwdriver.

It is really possible to crimp reliably with a screwdriver - there is nothing complicated here, the main thing is to arrange the wires well in advance so that they go evenly and hold in the connector, and then gently press the metal plates with a screwdriver by turning over and laying the connector on a flat surface. You will clearly feel that there is enough pressure - the braid is broken and the wire is securely fixed. You need to press the tool until the latch stops protruding beyond the edges of the connector. Only in this case the electrical wire will be securely fixed and fixed.

Video - how to crimp without a tool

Socket cable technology

RJ45 socket pinout does not require any specialized equipment, you only need one tool - nail scissors or a small knife with a thin blade. Here is the sequence of actions:

1. The top layer of the winding is cut off. The cut length is about 10 cm for ease of wiring.
2. The twists of all pairs are unwound and the wires are aligned so that they do not intersect from the base of the upper layer to the ends of the cores.
3. Any outlet has two color markings. "A" - cross connection, "B" - standard connection. According to the last marking, the RJ45 pinout is carried out.
4. Having attached the base of the braid to the board, first the cores are inserted into the far connectors. Be sure to check the tension of the cable so that the distance from the braid to the clamp does not exceed 3 cm.
5. Having fixed the cable cores in the required connectors, crimping is performed. Holding the nail scissors so that the angle of the cutting guides is 45 degrees, it is necessary to press on the core from above until a characteristic metallic click is heard.

During installation power outlet on the wall, the connectors must always point downwards. This prevents the contacts from becoming clogged with dust and moisture, and when fast connection cable from the bottom, there is less chance of accidentally knocking down the socket mount on the wall.

Decreased internet or network speed

If the cable is cheap and very long, then as a rule it is rarely possible to increase the speed on this option in practice by more than 10 megabits - the system itself will lower it by switching to the only possible stable option. More low speed it is possible because the connectors were poorly crimped - the contact plates did not clearly break through the wire sheath.