History of Periscope, an overview of the application and its analogues. Meerkat or Periscope - which application is better for broadcasting video on the Internet Like a periscope
L-3 KEO is supplying the U.S. Navy with the Universal Modular Mast (UMM), which serves as a hoist for five different sensors, including the AN/BVS1 Optocoupler Mast, High Speed Data Mast, Multi-Function Masts, and Embedded avionics systems.
Missouri Virginia-class multi-purpose nuclear submarine with two L-3 KEO AN/BVS-1 optocoupler masts. This class of nuclear submarines was the first where only optocoupler masts (commander and observation) of a non-penetrating type were installed
Advanced optronics (optoelectronics) gives mast systems a non-penetrating type obvious advantage compared to direct view periscopes. The vector of development of this technology is currently determined by low-profile optronics and new concepts based on fixed systems.
Interest in optoelectronic periscopes of a non-penetrating type arose in the 80s of the last century. The developers claimed that these systems would increase the submarine's design flexibility and safety. The operational benefits of these systems were the display of the periscope image on multiple screens of the crew, unlike older systems, when only one person could use the periscope, simplification of work and increased capabilities, including the Quick Look Round (QLR) function, which minimized the time spent by the periscope on the surface and thereby reduce the vulnerability of the submarine and, as a result, the likelihood of detection by anti-submarine warfare platforms. The value of the QLR mode has recently been increasing due to the increasing use of submarines for collecting information.
In addition to increasing the flexibility of the submarine design due to the spacing of the control post and optocoupler masts in space, this improves its ergonomics by freeing up the volume previously occupied by periscopes. Non-penetrating type masts can also be relatively easily reconfigured by installing new systems and new features, they have fewer moving parts, which reduces cost. life cycle periscope and, accordingly, the volume of its maintenance, maintenance and overhaul. Continuing technological progress is helping to reduce the likelihood of periscope detection, and further improvements in this area are associated with the transition to low-profile optocoupler masts.
A conventional Type 212A class anti-submarine submarine of the German Navy displays its masts. These diesel-electric submarines of the Type 212A and Todaro classes, supplied respectively to the German and Italian navies, are distinguished by a combination of masts and penetrating (SERO-400) and non-penetrating types (OMS-110)
Virginia class
In early 2015, the US Navy installed a new stealth periscope based on L-3 Communications' low-profile LPPM (Low-Profle Photonics Mast) Block 4 optocoupler mast on its Virginia-class nuclear submarines. In order to reduce the likelihood of detection, this company is also working on a thinned version of the current AN / BVS-1 Kollmorgen optocoupler mast (currently L-3 KEO), installed on submarines of the same class.
L-3 Communications announced in May 2015 that its L-3 KEO optoelectronic systems division (L-3 Communications acquired KEO in February 2012, which led to the creation of L-3 KEO) received following the results of the competition a $48.7 million contract from the U.S. Naval Systems Command (NAVSEA) to develop and design a low-profile mast with an option to manufacture 29 optocoupler masts over four years, as well as maintenance. The LPPM mast program maintains the performance of the current periscope while downsizing it to more traditional periscopes, such as the Kollmorgen Type-18 periscope, which began to be installed in 1976 on Los Angeles-class nuclear submarines as they entered the fleet.
Although the AN/BVS-1 mast has unique characteristics, it is too large and its shape is unique to the US Navy, which makes it possible to immediately identify the nationality of this submarine when a periscope is detected. According to public information, the LPPM mast has the same diameter as the Type-18 periscope, and its appearance resembles the standard shape of this periscope. The non-penetrating hull-type LPPM modular mast is installed in a universal telescopic modular compartment, which increases the stealth and survivability of submarines.
The features of the system include imaging in the short-wave infrared region of the spectrum, imaging high resolution in the visible region of the spectrum, laser ranging and a set of antennas that provide a wide coverage of the electromagnetic spectrum. The prototype of the LPPM L-3 KEO optocoupler mast is the only one in operation today; it is installed aboard the Virginia-class Texas submarine, where all subsystems and operational readiness are checked new system. The first serial mast will be manufactured in 2017 and its installation will begin in 2018. According to L-3 KEO, it plans to develop its LPPM so that NAVSEA can install a single mast on new submarines, as well as modernize existing vessels as part of an ongoing improvement program aimed at improving reliability, capability and affordability. The export variant of the AN/BVS-1 mast, known as the Model 86, was first sold to a foreign customer under a contract announced in 2000 when the Egyptian Navy conceived a major upgrade of its four Romeo-class diesel-electric anti-submarine submarines. Another unnamed customer from Europe has also installed the Model 86 on its diesel-electric submarines (DES).
Periscope systems before installation on a submarine
L-3 KEO, along with the development of LPPM, is already supplying the US Navy with the Universal Modular Mast (UMM). This non-penetrating type mast is installed on Virginia-class submarines. The UMM serves as a hoist for five different sensor systems, including the AN/BVS-1, OE-538 radio mast, high speed data antenna, special mission mast, and integrated avionics antenna mast. KEO received a contract from the US Department of Defense to develop the UMM mast in 1995. In April 2014, L-3 KEO was awarded a $15 million contract to supply 16 UMM masts to be installed on several Virginia-class nuclear submarines.
Another customer of UMM is the Italian fleet, which also equipped its diesel-electric submarines of the Todaro class of the first and second batches with this mast; the last two boats were scheduled to be delivered in 2015 and 2016 respectively. L-3 KEO also owns the Italian periscope company Calzoni, which has developed an electrically powered E-UMM (Electronic UMM) mast, which eliminates the need for an external hydraulic system for raising and lowering the periscope.
L-3 KEO's latest offering is the AOS (Attack Optronic System) non-penetrating command optronic system. This low profile mast combines the characteristics of the traditional Model 76IR search periscope and the same company's Model 86 optocoupler mast (see above). The mast has reduced visual and radar signatures, weighs 453 kg, and has a sensor head diameter of only 190 mm. The AOS Mast Sensor Kit includes a laser rangefinder, a thermal imager, a high-definition camera, and a low-light camera.
Images from the optical-electronic mast L-3 KEO AN / BVS-1 are displayed on workplace operator. Non-penetrating type masts improve the ergonomics of the central station, as well as increase safety due to the structural integrity of the hull
In the first half of the 90s, the German company Carl Zeiss (currently Airbus Defense and Space) began preliminary development of its Optronic Mast System (OMS). The first customer of the serial version of the mast, which received the designation OMS-110, was the South African fleet, which chose this system for three of its Heroine-class diesel-electric submarines, which were delivered in 2005-2008. The Greek Navy also chose the OMS-110 mast for its Papanikolis diesel-electric submarines, and after it decided to buy this mast South Korea for their diesel-electric submarines of the Chang Bogo class. Masts of the non-penetrating OMS-110 type have also been installed on the Indian Navy's Shishumar-class submarines and the traditional anti-submarine Tridente-class submarines of the Portuguese Navy. One of latest apps OMS-110 was the installation of universal UMM masts (see above) on the submarines of the Italian fleet "Todaro" and anti-submarine submarines of the German fleet class "Type 2122". These boats will have a combination of an OMS-110 optocoupler mast and a SERO 400 command periscope (hull-penetrating type) from Airbus Defense and Space. The OMS-110 Optocoupler Mast features 2-axis line-of-sight stabilization, a third-generation medium-wavelength thermal imaging camera, a high-definition TV camera, and an optional eye-safe laser rangefinder. The Quick Panoramic View mode allows you to get a quick, programmable 360-degree panoramic view. It can reportedly be completed by the OMS-110 system in less than three seconds.
Airbus Defense and Security has developed the OMS-200 Low Profile Optocoupler Mast, either as an addition to the OMS-110 or as a standalone solution. Showcased at Defense Security and Equipment International 2013 in London, this mast features advanced stealth technology and a compact design. Modular, compact, low-profile, non-penetrating command/search optocoupler mast OMS-200 combines various sensors in a single housing with radar-absorbing coating. As a "replacement" for the traditional direct-view periscope, the OMS-200 is specifically designed to remain stealth in the visible, infrared and radar spectra. Optocoupler mast OMS-200 combines three sensors, a high-definition television camera, a short-wave thermal imager and an eye-safe laser rangefinder. Image from high quality and high resolution from a shortwave thermal imager can be complemented by an image from a medium wave thermal imager, especially in conditions of poor visibility, such as fog or haze. According to the company, the OMS-200 system can combine images into one picture with excellent stabilization.
Sagem has developed and started production of the Series 30 family of commander and search masts, which are ordered by many navies, including the French. The commander's mast has a low visual profile.
Scorpene-class diesel submarines built by DCNS are equipped with a combination of penetrating and non-penetrating masts from Sagem, including a Series 30 mast with four optocoupler sensors: a high-resolution camera, a thermal imager, a low-light camera and a laser rangefinder
SERIES 30
At the Paris Euronaval 2014 exhibition, Sagem announced that it has been selected by the South Korean shipyard Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering (DSME) to supply non-penetrating optocoupler masts for the equipment of the new South Korean "Son-Won-II" diesel-electric submarines, for which DSME is the lead contractor. This contract marked the export success of Sagem's latest Search Optronic Mast (SOM) Series 30 family. This non-penetrating type optocoupler search mast can simultaneously receive more than four advanced optoelectronic channels and a full array of electronic warfare and Global Positioning System (GPS) antennas; everything is housed in a lightweight touch container. The Series 30 SOM optocoupler mast sensors include a high-resolution thermal imager, a high-resolution TV camera, a low-light TV camera, and an eye-safe laser rangefinder. The mast can receive a GPS antenna, an early warning avionics antenna, a DF antenna, and a communications antenna. Among the operating modes of the system there is a fast circular view mode, while all channels are available at the same time. Dual-screen digital displays have an intuitive graphical user interface.
Sagem has already delivered a Series 30 SOM variant for the new Barracuda-class diesel-electric submarines of the French fleet, while another variant has been sold to an as-yet unnamed foreign customer. According to Sagem, the Series 30 SOM mast supplied to the South Korean Navy will also include an electronic intelligence antenna, as well as optical communications equipment operating in the infrared range. A command variant of the Series 30 SOM is also available, designated the Series 30 AOM; it features a low profile mast and is fully compatible with the Series 30 SOM variant in terms of mechanical, electronic and software interfaces. The same container and cables can be used for both sensor units, allowing fleets to select the optimal configuration for specific applications. The basic kit includes a high-resolution thermal imager, a high-definition television camera, an optional eye-safe laser rangefinder, a shortwave thermal imager and a day/night backup camera.
Thales has equipped all Astute-class submarines in the British Navy with optocoupler masts with CM010 and CM011 sensor heads. These products form the basis for a promising new series of periscopes.
Pilkington Optronics' lineage dates back to 1917, when its predecessor became the sole supplier to the British Navy. At one time, this company (now part of Tales) began on its own initiative to develop a family of CM010 optocoupler masts, installing a prototype in 1996 on the Trafalgar nuclear submarine of the British Navy, after which in 2000 it was chosen by BAE Systems to equip new Astute-class nuclear submarines. A CM010 twin optocoupler mast was installed on the first three boats. Tales subsequently received contracts to equip the remaining four submarines of this class with CM010 masts in a twin configuration.
The CM010 mast includes a high-definition camera and a thermal imager, while the CM011 has a high-definition camera and a brightening camera for underwater surveillance, which is not possible with a traditional thermal imager. In accordance with the contract received in 2004, Tales began delivery of CM010 masts in May 2007 Japanese company Mitsubishi Electric Corporation for installation on new Japanese diesel-electric submarines ‘‘Soryu’. Tales is currently developing a low-profile version of the CM010 with the same functionality, as well as a sensor kit consisting of a high-resolution camera, a thermal imager, and a low-light TV camera (or rangefinder). This sensor kit is supposed to be used for special tasks or diesel-electric submarines of smaller dimensions. The ULPV (Ultra-Low Profle Variant) low profile version, designed for installation on high-tech platforms, is a two-sensor array (high-definition camera plus a thermal imager or a camera for low light levels) installed in a low-profile sensor head. Its visual signature is similar to that of a commander's periscope up to 90 mm in diameter, but the system is stabilized and has electronic support.
The Japanese diesel-electric submarine "Hakuryu", belonging to the class "Soryu", is equipped with a Thales CM010 mast. The masts were delivered to the shipyard of Mitsubishi, the main contractor of the Soryu-class submarines, for installation on board these submarines.
panoramic mast
The US Navy, the largest operator of modern submarines, is developing periscope technology as part of its Afordable Modular Panoramic Photonics Mast (AMPPM) program. The AMPPM program began in 2009, and as defined by the Naval Research and Development Department, which oversees the program, its goal is "to develop a new sensor mast for submarines that has high-quality sensors for panoramic search in the visible and infrared spectra, as well as shortwave infrared and hyperspectral sensors for long-range detection and identification.” According to the FDA, the AMPPM program should significantly reduce the cost of production and maintenance through a modular design and fixed support. In addition, a significant increase in availability is expected compared to current optocoupler masts. In June 2011, a prototype mast designed by Panavision was selected by the FDA for the AMPPM program. Initially, at least two years of testing on land will take place. This will be followed by sea trials, which are scheduled to begin in 2018. New AMPPM fixed masts with 360-degree all-round visibility will be installed on Virginia-class nuclear submarines.
Materials used:
www2.l-3com.com
www.airbusdefenceandspace.com
www.sagem.com
www.thalesgroup.com
www.navsea.navy.mil
www.wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org
True fans of online broadcasts know that there are applications similar to Periscope. Some of them were launched before the brainchild of Twitter. The most popular among these programs have gained those that will be discussed below.
7 facts about Meerkat
Twitch vs Periscope
Despite the general implementation in the field streaming video Twitch and Periscope are quite different from each other. The main difference is observed in the following categories:
What is Projector TV?
You can install this analogue of Periscope for access to streams and broadcasting only within the framework of operating system iOS, and versions from the eighth and higher are supported. Unfortunately, the Russian analogue of "Periscope" on "Android" is not yet available and the implementation of such a version by the developer has not yet been advertised.
In addition, for smartphones that are locked in any country, the installation of the program is prohibited.
Obvious plus of analog Periscope on Russian market- the possibility of posting the broadcast on the wall of VKontakte, and the views on this social network are taken into account when compiling the overall popularity rating.
In general, we can say that programs similar to Periscope cannot be called full-fledged analogues today. They are either implemented only for the owners of apple products, or sharpened for completely different purposes. However, the video broadcasting market is just beginning to develop, and, perhaps, worthy competitors among the Russian counterparts of Periscope will soon appear.
With the development of web technologies, a huge number of new applications, sites and games appear. Over the past few years, narrowly focused social networks (Twitter, Instagram, YouTube and others) have become very popular. Among Internet users, the question of the history of the creation of a fundamentally new social network Periscope (Periscope) remains relevant.
Who created the periscope
Many users of the service do not know anything about who invented the periscope and why this application gathered such a large audience in just a few months. In 2014, two friends, Kavon Bikpour and Joe Bernstein, came up with the idea for a new startup: creating a separate service for streaming video in real time from anywhere in the world.
According to the developers themselves, Bikpur was the main creator of Periscope, who thought through the principle of operation and future functionality. After drawing up a detailed work plan, the friends developed the software part of the project; at this stage, Bernstein was the main developer of the periscope. The beta version of the program was released in February 2014. At first, the project was called Bounty. Thanks to the massive advertising campaign, the number of users of the new social network began to grow rapidly and in April 2014 the service brought its creators $ 1.5 million in revenue. However, over time, users began to complain about frequent bugs in the work of Periscope and the lack of quality content.
In January 2015, the owners of the social Twitter networks bought the concept and all rights to the Bounty service and renamed it Periscope. Thanks to active promotion on Twitter, Periscope has gained even more popularity. The developers temporarily stopped the service to fix existing problems, and already in March 2015, a test version of the application was launched, which became available. Two months later, the application was released for devices running on the Android platform.
In August 2015, the official Periscope Twitter account announced that the number of users of the application had exceeded 10 million users. This result of the influx of users is a record since the creation of the Snapchat application (a program for instant exchange of photos and video files with selected accounts, in just 5 months of operation, the application's audience totaled 50 million users).
Application Features
- the ability to log into Periscope without creating a new account. Your existing twitter account is being used;
- search for broadcasts that are live around the globe. The application contains a built-in globe map that shows both active and already completed user broadcasts;
- each user can create personal broadcasts. Completed broadcasts are stored in your profile for only 24 hours; after a day, all videos are permanently deleted. If you want to save broadcasts, the program has a function to download videos to the device's gallery.
Periscope analogues
YouTube. Popular video hosting is an analogue of Periscope. On YouTube, you can not only watch and download videos, but also create live broadcasts. However, a large number of users are having difficulty downloading additional video streaming software. Users can also create in which there is a webcam. On Periscope, you can create live broadcasts directly from your smartphone, no additional software no need to download.
Meerkat is a periscope-like app that is also designed for live video streaming, but Meerkat is only available for Android OS users.
Periscope - discover the whole world
Periscope gained immense popularity between June and November 2015. Thanks to the huge number of broadcasts, you have every chance to see the events of the desired point on the globe at any second. The creators of Periscope are improving applications and eliminating existing inaccuracies. A report on their activities can be found at official page service on Twitter https://twitter.com/periscopecope.
Russian analogue of Periscope The OK.ru social network promised to launch at the end of April, however, the application became available to the general public 2 months later. In my opinion, in general, the product was a success, although there is no need to talk about the uniqueness of the product - OK Live- a real clone, only imprisoned under social network Odnoklassniki and equipped with a couple of additional features, which, in fairness, Periscope lacks.
There are very few broadcasts to date. In the evening there were only 2 people online! Those. getting to the top is guaranteed! However, it won't be long...
Cons
Least of all in the application I was pleased with the system of hearts, or rather their graphic design. In the periscope, each viewer receives “his own color” and during the broadcast, the hearts that he puts are colored according to the received color. OK Live is different. Tapping on the screen and placing classes, a lot of multi-colored figures fly out, differing from each other also in shape. And everything would be fine, but these masterpieces take up much more space than in Periscope, hiding much more pictures than we would like. Fortunately, there is an opportunity to turn off everything nafig, but I will talk about this when it comes to the pros.
I was also a little disappointed with the broadcast map - it was simply ripped off and copied from Periscope 1 to 1. For some reason I was hoping to see the Yandex map, but not Google (because the product was jokingly positioned as "import substitution"), which does not smell.
Also disappointing is the ability to rewind broadcasts. No matter how I tried, I couldn't rewind the record. Either watch the entire record from the very beginning, or go through the forest. Perhaps this is a glitch and in the future the developers will fix everything, but so far they won’t be able to rewind ((
Pros of OK Live
1st plus– the ability to turn off the display of chat and likes while watching a live broadcast. Indeed, in Periscope, such a thing is clearly not enough. Very often, phrases close exactly here the part of the frame that you want to look at.
2nd plus- the ability to conduct live broadcasts both on your own behalf and on behalf of groups in ok.ru, of which you are the administrator.
3. Also, I can not help but mention the function of turning on the phone's LED flash in flashlight mode. When shooting in the dark - a very useful thing.
4. The author of the broadcast in OK Live can apply all sorts of filters like those built into Instagram or Snapster. With their help, the video blogger is able to “ennoble” the picture and make it more attractive.
5. Stability of work. During the tests, the application never hung or slowed down. The streams loaded very quickly. Perhaps the reason is that the live is OK and the load on the servers, due to the small number of broadcasts, is not loaded, but the fact remains that so far everything is stable and without glitches.
General impression
If you do not take into account the fact that the application is 95% similar to Periscope, the product was a success. I hope that OK Live will be able conquer at least half of the Russian market.
