Homemade electronic for giving. Do-it-yourself amateur radio circuits and homemade products

For those who are just starting to take their first steps in electronics, it is important to start somewhere. Well, here are some ideas that might come in handy in the future and give you an idea of ​​how things should be done at the same time. What to choose if you want to make simple ones with your own hands? Here are options that can be used in everyday life.

Simple power control for smooth turning on of lamps

This type of device is widely used. The simplest is a conventional diode that is connected in series with the load. Such regulation can be used to extend the life of the incandescent lamp, as well as to prevent overheating of the soldering iron. They can also be used to change power over a wide range of values. The simplest ones will come first. electronic homemade with your own hands. You can see the diagrams here.

How to protect yourself from mains voltage fluctuations

This device disconnects the load if the mains voltage is out of range. As a rule, a deviation of up to 10% from the standard is considered within the normal range. But due to the peculiarities of the energy supply system in our country, such frameworks are not always respected. So, the voltage can be 1.5 times higher, or much lower than necessary. The result is often unpleasant - the equipment fails. Therefore, there is a need for a device that will turn off the load before something has time to burn out. But when creating such a homemade product, you must be careful, since the work will be carried out with considerable stress.

How to make a safety transformer

Transformerless power supplies are often used in various electronic designs. Typically, such devices have low power, and to avoid electrical shock, they are placed in an insulating plastic case. But sometimes they need to be configured, and then the protection is opened. To avoid possible injury, a safety isolation transformer is used. It will also be useful in the repair of such devices. Structurally, they consist of two identical windings, each of which is designed for the network. As a rule, the power of transformers of this type ranges from 60-100 W, these are the optimal parameters for setting up various electronics.

Simple emergency light source

What to do if it is necessary that in the event of a power outage, the illumination of some area is maintained? The answer to such challenges can be an emergency luminaire, made on the basis of a standard energy saving lamp, the power of which does not exceed 11 watts. So if it is necessary that the light be somewhere in the corridor, utility room or workplace, this homemade product will come in handy. Usually, when voltage is present, they operate directly from the network. When it disappears, the lamp starts to function on battery power. When the mains voltage is restored, the lamp will work and the battery will automatically charge. The best do-it-yourself electronic homemade products were left at the end of the article.

Soldering iron boost controller

In cases where it is necessary to solder massive parts or the mains voltage often drops, the use of a soldering iron becomes problematic. And a step-up power regulator can help out of this situation. In these cases, the load (i.e. soldering iron) is powered by a rectified mains voltage. The change is carried out using an electrolytic capacitor, the capacity of which allows you to get a voltage of more than 1.41 network. So, with a standard voltage value of 220 V, it will give 310 V. And if there is a drop, say, to 160 V, it turns out that 160 * 1.41 \u003d 225.6 V, which will allow you to operate optimally. But this is just an example. You have the opportunity to make a scheme suitable specifically for your conditions.

The simplest twilight switch (photo relay)

As new parts are created, fewer and fewer components are now needed to make some kind of device. So, for a conventional twilight switch, only 3 of them are needed. Moreover, due to the versatility of the design, multi-purpose use is also possible: in an apartment building; to illuminate the porch or courtyard of a private dwelling, or even a separate room. Pointing to the features of such a design as a twilight switch, they also call it a “photo relay”. You can find many implementation schemes that were made either by amateurs or industrialists. They have their own set of positive and negative properties. The negative properties are usually referred to as the need for a source constant voltage, or the complexity of the circuit itself. Also, when buying cheap and simple parts or whole sets, they often complain that they simply burn. The functionality of the scheme is based on three components:

1. Photocell. It is usually understood as photoresistors, phototransistors and photodiodes.
2. Comparator.
3. Triac, or relay.

When there is daylight, the resistance of the photocell is small, and does not exceed the response threshold. But as soon as it gets dark, the construction will be turned on at the same moment.

Conclusion

Here are some interesting do-it-yourself electronic homemade products you can do. The main thing in cases where something does not work out is to keep trying, and then everything will work out. And as you gain experience, you can move on to more complex schemes.

Every day it becomes more and more, there are many new articles, it is quite difficult for new visitors to immediately orient themselves and revise everything already written and previously posted at once.

I really want to draw the attention of all visitors to individual articles that were posted on the site earlier. In order not to have to look for a long time necessary information I will make several "entry pages" with links to the most interesting and useful articles on selected topics.

Let's call the first such page "Useful electronic homemade products". Here we consider simple electronic circuits that are available for implementation by people of any level of training. The schemes are built using a modern electronic database.

All information in the articles is presented in a very accessible form and in the amount necessary for practical work. Naturally, to implement such circuits, you need to understand at least the basics of electronics.

So, a selection of the most interesting articles on the site on the subject "Useful electronic homemade products". The author of the articles is Boris Aladyshkin.

The modern element base of electronics greatly simplifies circuitry. Even an ordinary twilight switch can now be assembled from just three parts.

The article describes a simple and reliable electric pump control circuit. Despite the extreme simplicity of the circuit, the device can operate in two modes: water lifting and drainage.

The article presents several schemes of apparatus for spot welding.

With the help of the described design, it is possible to determine whether a mechanism located in another room or building is working or not. The information about the work is the vibration of the mechanism itself.

A story about what a safety transformer is, why it is needed and how you can make it yourself.

Description of a simple device that disconnects the load in the event that the mains voltage is out of range.

The article considers the scheme simple thermostat using an adjustable zener diode TL431.

Article on how to make a device soft start lamps using the KR1182PM1 chip.

Sometimes, with low voltage in the network or soldering massive parts, it becomes simply impossible to use a soldering iron. This is where a step-up power regulator for a soldering iron can come to the rescue.

An article about what can replace the mechanical thermostat of an oil heating radiator.

Description of a simple and reliable thermostat circuit for a heating system.

The article describes the converter circuit made on a modern element base, containing a minimum number of parts and allowing to obtain significant power in the load.

An article about various ways to connect the load to the control unit on microcircuits using relays and thyristors.

Description of a simple scheme for controlling LED garlands.

The design of a simple timer that allows you to turn on and off the load, through preset intervals time. Working time and pause time are independent of each other.

Description of the scheme and principle of operation of a simple emergency lamp based on an energy-saving lamp.

A detailed story about the popular "laser-iron" manufacturing technology printed circuit boards, its features and nuances.

Since you have decided to become a self-taught electrician, then for sure after a short period of time you will want to make some useful electrical appliance for your home, car or cottage with your own hands. At the same time, homemade products can be useful not only in everyday life, but also made for sale, for example,. Actually the build process simple devices at home is not difficult. You just need to be able to read diagrams and use a tool for radio amateurs.

As for the first point, before you start making electronic homemade products with your own hands, you need to learn how to read wiring diagrams. In this case, ours will be a good helper.

Of the tools for beginner electricians, you will need a soldering iron, a set of screwdrivers, pliers and a multimeter. To assemble some popular electrical appliances, you may even need a welding machine, but this is a rare case. By the way, in this section of the site we even talked about the same welding machine.

Special attention should be paid to improvised materials, from which every novice electrician will be able to make elementary electronic homemade products with his own hands. Most often, in the manufacture of simple and useful electrical appliances, old domestic parts are used: transformers, amplifiers, wires, etc. In most cases, it is enough for beginner radio amateurs and electricians to look for all the necessary tools in a garage or a barn in the country.

When everything is ready - the tools are assembled, spare parts are found and minimal knowledge is obtained, you can proceed to the assembly of amateur electronic homemade products at home. This is where our little guide will help you. Each instruction provided includes not only detailed description each of the stages of creating electrical appliances, but also accompanied by photo examples, diagrams, as well as video tutorials that clearly show the entire manufacturing process. If you do not understand some point, you can clarify it under the entry in the comments. Our experts will try to advise you in a timely manner!

Electronic homemade products, for today, are accessible way manufacturing useful mechanisms that can make life easier and diversify leisure. Modern craftsmen are able to assemble with their own hands both simple toys, and complex, multitasking mechanisms. How to make electronic toys, interesting and useful electronic homemade products for home and car with your own hands - read below!

Do-it-yourself simple electronics: making a spinner

Electrical engineering, today, is widely used for both practical and recreational purposes. Some inventions (such as, for example, the “smart home” system) will be quite difficult for a beginner to make. They require experience and in-depth knowledge of physics. Other designs are simple and affordable for beginner radio amateurs. So, for example, you can make interesting toys with your own hands - spinners, sales of which have increased incredibly this year.

To assemble a toy, you will need to stock up:

• Wooden blank measuring 9x4x1.2 cm;
• Bearing size 2.2x0.8x0.7 cm (with rubber seal);
• Two RGB LEDs;
• Two batteries and CR2032 holders;
• Stainless steel bolt 0.8x2 cm;
• Cap nuts M8.

After that, you can get to work. First of all, it will be necessary to find a design scheme on the Internet, and transfer it to a raw bar - a blank. To correctly outline the technological holes (there will be three of them), you will need a ruler.

Then follows:

1. In the middle of the workpiece, drill a through hole with a diameter of 2.2 cm for the bearing;
2. Drill two holes on the sides of the workpiece with a diameter of 2.5 cm and a depth of 7.5 mm;
3. Using a drill, make two holes in the middle of two blind holes with a diameter of 6 mm for the LEDs;
4. Treat holes with a countersink;
5. Give the toy a rounded shape with a jigsaw, band saw or jigsaw;
6. Sand the workpiece with sandpaper, and varnish it;
7. Solder the LEDs to the battery holders;
8. Check the LEDs, and install them in the mounting holes, fixing them with super glue;
9. Clean the bearing and treat its insides with WD 40;
10. Cut off the head of the bolt, and fix the axle in the bearing on both sides with nuts;
11. Install the bearing in the mounting hole.

Spinner is ready! The toy will be interesting not only for children. Adults can also use such an electronic device: the device, rotating, will help to relax or be distracted.

Simple schemes of electronic homemade products: we make an electric call

You can easily and quickly make an electric call with your own hands.

Such a call will last a long time, and will please the ear. After all, when pressed, it will be able to create signals of various frequencies and tonality.

So, an electric call can be single-tone and multi-tone.

The ability of a call to reproduce sound in one or more keys will be affected by the presence of a multivibrator with two bipolar transistors in the radio design circuit. Let us consider in detail the scheme of an electronic call with a complex sound signal.

Yes, electronic homemade scheme will consist of the following radio components:

• Step-down transformer of the TA series;
• call button;
• Five alloy silicon diodes;
• Electrolytic capacitor with a capacity of 1000 microfarads
• Two electrolytic capacitors with a capacity of 10 microfarads;
• Two tuning resistors with a resistance of 470 kilo-ohms;
• Two MLT resistors with a resistance of 10 kilo-ohms;
• Two MLT resistors with a resistance of 33 kilo-ohms;
• MLT resistor per 1 kilo ohm;
• MLT resistor for 470 kilo-ohms;
• Three silicon plenary transistors type 630D
• Silicon-planar transistor type 630G.

The principle of operation of the device is simple. Pressing the button will turn on the third 630D type transistor, allowing current to pass to the fourth 630D type transistor. This will create the primary signal. When the second transistor of the 630D type is opened, the third and fourth transistors will lock up, creating a signal of a different tone.

DIY homemade for a car

Auto electronics, today, is in great demand. At the same time, home-made automation often has simple circuits, easy execution and installation. What electric homemade products can you do yourself for your car?

So, with your own hands for a car you can do:

• Dynamic turn signals using KIT DIY;
• Universal Charger from old electronics;
• Water pump air conditioner;
• Heated wipers and more.

The easiest way would be to design a backlight for the seat belt buckles. To do this, it will be necessary to dismantle and disassemble the locks with a flat screwdriver. After that, with the help of hot glue in the locks, it is necessary to fix the LEDs.

Each LED can be turned on through its own current-limiting resistor: this will extend the life of the semiconductor light emitting device.

After that, you should assemble the locks, and stretch the wires that power the LEDs under the seats to the ignition or the size button through the cigarette lighter. At the request of the owner, the car interior lighting can be supplemented with lamps that signal that the seat belt is not fastened.

Unusual electronic homemade products: do-it-yourself binary clock

You can make a cool binary clock for your home with your own hands. To do this, you need the Arduino platform. Wiring diagrams on this platform are simple and convenient, they are used for the manufacture of most electronic homemade products.

In addition, to make a binary clock you will need:

• Real time clock module on DS1302 chip;
• Diffuse LEDs with a diameter of 1 cm (20 pieces);
• Resistors with a resistance of 10 ohms (20 pieces);
• Resistors with a resistance of 10 kilo-ohms (2 pieces);
• Two tact buttons;
• Frame.

The watch case should consist of two halves, which can be made of wood, plastic, metal. It depends on what style your watch will be. Before making the case, you will need to assemble the LED matrix.

In this case, each LED must be connected through its own current-limiting resistor.

After that, the outputs from the LEDs must be connected to the platform. The controller itself will need to be connected to the real time clock module. After that, the contacts from the Arduino and the module must be routed to the clock buttons to set the time through resistors with a nominal value of 10 kilo-ohms. They will serve as payloads. Finally, connect the power cable to the circuit.

Useful do-it-yourself homemade products: how household scales are made

Today, almost every home has a floor or kitchen scale. In order to independently make this useful measuring device, you need to understand its device and the principle of operation.

So, to external constituent parts weights include:

• Weight processor;
• Frame;
• Screen for readings;
• platform;
• Legs.

The principle of operation of scales is extremely simple. The load, falling on the platform, presses on it due to gravity, activating the strain gauge weight sensor inside the device. The strain gauge, in turn, affects the strain gauge, changing its resistance. The latter transmits a signal to an analog-to-digital converter. After that, the ADC converts the signal into digital and sends it to the microcontroller, which draws conclusions about the weight of the load on the platform, and displays the values ​​on the screen.

When assembling the circuit, it is necessary to pay attention to the type of strain gauge.

So, for a central location under the platform of floor, trade and technical scales, it is better to choose a single-point sensor. For installation on a bend, a block sensor is used. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the load cell has a reliable connection to the ADC. A weight processor will help solve the problem of connecting devices.

Do-it-yourself radio circuits for the home: we make an electronic lock

Electricity can also serve to protect the house. So, today, do-it-yourself sites offer simple radio circuits for electronic locks for the front door. Opening such a lock using a physical key will not work.

The simplest circuit for making a lock is usually based on a four-digit Johnson counter.

This scheme can be implemented in several variations. The simplest one is using the 4017 chip. The principle of operation of the circuit is quite simple: when you enter the correct four-digit code, a logical unit is activated at the input of the microcircuit, which opens the lock.

Consider the operation of the device in more detail:

• When the wrong keys are pressed, the circuit is restarted without triggering the mechanism through the RESET input.
• The correct signal, when a key is pressed, should go to the field-effect transistor VT1, which, after opening, supplies voltage to the output corresponding to the key;
• After the complete introduction of the correct code, from the output corresponding to the last correct key, the signal is applied to the transistor VT2 connected to the relay;
• The transistor is activated for a time that determines the capacitance of the capacitor;
• The relay opens the actuator (for example, a latch).

In order to open such a lock, you need to go through about ten thousand different codes. In this case, the numbers on the code should not be repeated. That is, code 3355 will not be possible, all digital values ​​must be different.

Most of the electronic homemade products that modern craftsmen make are designed to perform ordinary household tasks faster and better than authentic devices. So, for example, an electric spinning wheel will significantly speed up the process of creating yarn. You can quickly make an electric spinning wheel by putting the electric motor on an authentic device.

At the same time, the motor for the electric spinning wheel must have a power of at least 15 watts.

As an engine, it will be possible to use a motor from a fan, an auto-cleaner, a player. Use the foot pedal to start the engine. It will be possible to change the movements of the motor by including a TP-type toggle switch in the circuit, which provides the connection of the capacitor and resistance to different windings.

An electric fly swatter will be useful, easy to assemble and operate.

In order to implement such a mechanism, it will be necessary to assemble a standard blocking generator. At the same time, you will need to remember to isolate the handle of the fly swatter.

Where to find amateur radio circuits and homemade products

Modern sites of radio amateurs offer to make not only useful, but also unusual radio homemade products. So, for example, on the Mozgochiny website you can find interesting electronic circuits for the manufacture of refrigerator reminders, thermometers that change color depending on temperature, etc.

Interesting and useful will be electrical things for everyday life and crafts from improvised materials for fishing from the site “Visiting Samodelkin”.

You can read about how to design, debug and manufacture electronic mechanisms at home in the book “Entertaining Radio Electronics”. New items among radio homemade products are often posted by the site “Ham Radio Workshop”. Amusing and useful technical materials contain new issues of the Radio Amateurs magazine.

DIY homemade products at home (video)

Radioamateur clubs are, today, popular with both schoolchildren and adults. Master classes and radio circuits presented on various sites allow you to assemble almost any electrical appliance at home. The main thing is to find the right circuits, follow the instructions clearly, and adhere to safety precautions when working with electricity. And you can collect whatever you want!

Those who are engaged in radio electronics at home are usually very inquisitive. Amateur radio circuits and homemade products will help you find a new direction in creativity. Perhaps someone will find an original solution to a particular problem. Some homemade products use ready-made devices, connecting them in various ways. For others, you need to completely create the circuit yourself and make the necessary adjustments.

One of the easiest crafts. More suitable for those who are just starting to tinker. If you have an old but working cell phone push-button telephone with a button to turn on the player, you can make it, for example, a doorbell to your room. Benefits of this call:

First you need to make sure that the selected phone is capable of producing a sufficiently loud melody, after which it must be completely disassembled. Basically, the parts are fastened with screws or brackets, which are carefully bent. When disassembling, you will need to remember what goes for what, so that later you can reassemble everything.

The player's power button is soldered on the board, and two short wires are soldered instead. These wires are then glued to the board so as not to tear off the solder. The phone is going. It remains to connect the phone to the call button through a two-wire wire.

Homemade for cars

Modern cars are equipped with everything you need. However, there are times when it is simply necessary homemade devices. For example, something broke, given to a friend, and the like. Then the ability to create electronics with your own hands at home will be very useful.

The first thing you can intervene in without fear of damaging the car is the battery. If at the right time charging for the battery was not at hand, you can quickly assemble it yourself. This will require:

The transformer from the tube TV is ideal. Therefore, those who are fond of homemade electronics never throw away electrical appliances in the hope that they will someday be needed. Unfortunately, two types of transformers were used: with one and with two coils. To charge the battery at 6 volts, anyone will go, and for 12 volts, only with two.

The wrapping paper of such a transformer shows the winding leads, the voltage for each winding, and the operating current. For powering filaments electronic tubes a voltage of 6.3 V with a large current is used. The transformer can be redone by removing unnecessary secondary windings, or leave it as is. In this case, the primary and secondary windings are connected in series. Each primary is designed for a voltage of 127 V, therefore, by combining them, they get 220 V. The secondary ones are connected in series to get 12.6 V at the output.

Diodes must be capable of withstanding at least 10 A. Each diode requires a heat sink of at least 25 square centimeters. They join in diode bridge. Any electrical insulating plate is suitable for fastening. A 0.5 A fuse is included in the primary circuit, and 10 A in the secondary circuit. The device does not tolerate a short circuit, therefore, when connecting the battery, the polarity must not be confused.

Simple heaters

In the cold season, it may be necessary to warm up the engine. If the car is parked where it is electricity, this problem can be solved with a heat gun. For its manufacture you will need:

• asbestos pipe;
• nichrome wire;
• fan;
• switch.

The diameter of the asbestos pipe is selected according to the size of the fan to be used. The performance of the heater will depend on its power. Pipe length is everyone's preference. Can be collected in it heating element and fan, you can only heater. When choosing the latter option, you will have to think about how to let the air flow to the heating element. This can be done, for example, by placing all components in a sealed enclosure.

Nichrome wire is also selected by the fan. The more powerful the latter, the larger diameter nichrome can be used. The wire is twisted into a spiral and placed inside the pipe. Bolts are used for fastening, which are inserted into pre-drilled holes in the pipe. The length of the spiral and their number are chosen empirically. It is desirable that the coil does not heat up red-hot when the fan is running.

The choice of fan will determine how much voltage you need to apply to the heater. When using a 220 V electric fan, you will not need to use an additional power source.

The entire heater is connected to the network through a cord with a plug, but it must have its own switch. It can be either just a toggle switch or an automatic one. The second option is more preferable, it allows you to protect common network. To do this, the tripping current of the machine must be less than the tripping current of the room machine. A switch is also needed to quickly turn off the heater in case of malfunctions, for example, if the fan does not work. Such a heater has its drawbacks:

• harm to the body from asbestos pipes;
• noise from a running fan;
• the smell of dust falling on a heated coil;
• fire hazard.

Some problems can be solved by applying another homemade product. Instead of an asbestos pipe, you can use a coffee can. So that the spiral does not close on the jar, it is attached to a textolite frame, which is fixed with glue. A cooler is used as a fan. To feed it, you will need to collect another electronic device- a small rectifier.

Homemade products bring to the one who deals with them not only satisfaction, but also benefit. With their help, you can save electricity, for example, by turning off electrical appliances that you forgot to turn off. For this purpose, you can use a time relay.

The easiest way to create a timing element is to use the charge or discharge time of a capacitor through a resistor. Such a chain is included in the base of the transistor. The diagram will require the following details:

• high capacity electrolytic capacitor;
• transistor pnp type;
• electromagnetic relay;
• diode;
• variable resistor;
• fixed resistors;
• DC source.

First you need to determine what current will be switched through the relay. If the load is very powerful, you will need a magnetic starter to connect it. The starter coil can be connected via a relay. It is important that the relay contacts can operate freely without sticking. According to the selected relay, a transistor is selected, it is determined with what current and voltage it can work. You can focus on KT973A.

The base of the transistor is connected through a limiting resistor to a capacitor, which, in turn, is connected through a bipolar switch. The free contact of the switch is connected through a resistor to the minus power supply. This is necessary to discharge the capacitor. The resistor acts as a current limiter.

The capacitor itself is connected to the positive bus of the power supply through a variable resistor with a large resistance. By selecting the capacitance of the capacitor and the resistance of the resistor, you can change the delay time interval. The relay coil is shunted by a diode that turns on in the opposite direction. This circuit uses KD 105 B. It closes the circuit when the relay is de-energized, protecting the transistor from breakdown.

The scheme works as follows. In the initial state, the base of the transistor is disconnected from the capacitor, and the transistor is closed. When the switch is turned on, the base is connected to the discharged capacitor, the transistor opens and supplies voltage to the relay. The relay operates, closes its contacts and supplies voltage to the load.

The capacitor begins to charge through a resistor connected to the positive terminal of the power supply. As the capacitor charges, the base voltage begins to rise. At certain value voltage, the transistor closes, de-energizing the relay. The relay disconnects the load. To make the circuit work again, you need to discharge the capacitor, for this the switch is switched.