Essence of state information policy: Russian context. The concept of state information policy Basic principles for determining the information policy of the state

Public policy in information sphere. Concept, properties and functions of the policy. The main goals, objectives and directions for the implementation of state policy in the information sphere.

The system of governing bodies in the information sphere. concept government controlled in a broad and narrow sense, its content and structure of organs. Powers of the President of the Russian Federation, the Parliament of the Russian Federation, the highest judicial authorities of the Russian Federation, the Security Council of the Russian Federation, the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation, the Commissioner for Human Rights of the Russian Federation in the information sphere. Powers of the Government of the Russian Federation and the main federal executive bodies in the information sphere.

3.1. The concept and stages of state policy in the information sphere

Politics (from the Greek polis - the city-state and the adjective from it - politikos: everything connected with the city - the state, citizen, etc.; politika - state and public affairs) - a special form of social activity associated with the distribution and exercise of power within the state and between states.

There is a state and non-state information policy. Non-state information policy is carried out by the media that form ideological, political, economic and other views, opinions, knowledge and assessments that affect everyday life, leisure, culture, behavior and all aspects of people's lives.

Under state policy in the information sphere (state information policy (GIP)) should be understood as a policy (in the sense of the English term "policy" - a course, strategy, and not "politic" - a political struggle for power) pursued by the state authorities in the information sphere of the life of society and the state.

The state information policy should be considered as a set of goals that reflect national interests in the information sphere, strategies, tactics, tasks of public administration, management decisions and methods for their implementation, developed and implemented by the state authorities to regulate and improve as direct processes of information interaction in all spheres of society and the state, and processes in the broad sense of the technological support of such interaction.

In this regard, we will consider several interrelated concepts used in the conduct of state information policy: information sphere, information relations, information society.

Information sphere is a set of information, information infrastructure, entities that collect, form, disseminate and use information (information processes), as well as a system for regulating the resulting public relations. It can also be said that the concept of the information sphere (environment) is disclosed by law as "a field of activity of subjects associated with the creation, transformation and consumption of information."

Information sphere is considered as a sphere of legal regulation of information relations in order to identify the role and place of information in the legal system, study the motives and grounds for production, transform and apply information of various types and purposes, study the features and properties of information, study information processes and the information relations that arise during their execution, establishment of institutions of information law. It is in the information sphere that public relations arise that are subject to legal regulation in the performance of information processes.

These social (public) relations arising from the performance of information processes and subject to legal regulation are called information relations . They constitute the main subject of information law, the subject of its legal regulation.

The information sphere, being a system-forming factor in the life of society, actively influences the state of the political, economic, defense and other components of the security of the Russian Federation. National security Russian Federation significantly depends on information security, and in the course of technological progress, this dependence will increase.

The information sphere can be divided into four subject areas :

1) exercising the right to search, receive, transfer and use information;

2) production, transfer and distribution of source and derivative information; formation of information resources, preparation of information products, provision of information services;

3)creation and application information systems(AIS, database, knowledge bases), other information and telecommunication technologies;

4) creation and application of means and mechanisms of information security.

Each subject area includes non-overlapping sets of elements:

- information of various types, purposes, presentation forms;

- information processes of production and circulation of information;

- subjects - participants and executors of information processes;

- social relations arising from the execution of information processes, i.e. information relations.

In the study of the information sphere, relationships are fixed regarding the exercise of rights, including the restriction of rights, the fulfillment of duties, and the establishment of responsibility.

Purpose of the GUI should be to ensure the transition to the information society, in particular:

- formation of the Russian information space,

- development of the mass media system,

- organization of an international information exchange and integration of the Russian information space into the global information space.

Information society — theoretical concept of post-industrial society; the historical phase of the possible development of civilization, in which information and knowledge become the main products of production.

Distinctive features:

- increasing the role of information, knowledge and information technologies in the life of society;

- an increase in the number of people employed in information technology, communications and the production of information products and services in the gross domestic product;

- the growing informatization of society with the use of telephony, radio, television, the Internet, as well as traditional and electronic media;

- creation of a global information space that ensures: (a) effective information interaction of people, (b) their access to the world's information resources, and (c) satisfaction of their needs for information products and services.

Key Features of the Information Society determined according to the following criteria.

Technological: the key factor is information technology, which is widely used in production, institutions, the education system and in everyday life.

Social: information acts as an important stimulator of changes in the quality of life, "information consciousness" is formed and affirmed with wide access to information.

Economic:information is a key factor in the economy as a resource, service, product, source of value added and employment.

Political: freedom of information leading to a political process characterized by growing participation and consensus among the various classes and social strata of the population.

Cultural: recognition cultural value information by promoting the establishment of information values ​​in the interests of the development of an individual and society as a whole.

In the activities of the authorities in the development and implementation of state policy in the field of information society development in Russia several can be identified stages .

At the first stage (1991-1994) the foundations in the field of informatization were formed.

The second stage (1994-1998) was characterized by a change in priorities from informatization to the development of information policy.

The third stage, which continues to this day, is the stage of policy formation in the field of building the information society. In 2002, the Government of the Russian Federation adopted the Federal Target Program "Electronic Russia 2002-2010", which gave a powerful impetus to the development of the information society in the Russian regions.

Each country decides for itself what type of information society should be created. Two polar types of information society are possible: "digital dictatorship" or "digital democracy".

"Digital Dictatorship" created by the digital bureaucracy in order to simplify the management of the digital state. At the same time, the digital rights of digital citizens are not protected, the emphasis is on digital police measures of total digital control. Digital services are being imposed on the population, which are needed not by the population itself, but by the state (bureaucracy).

"Digital Democracy" it is a completely different type of information society device. "Digital democracy" is built for the sake of citizens, for the sake of protecting their digital civil rights. Creating a "digital democracy" is much more difficult than a "digital dictatorship". Forecasts show that "digital democracy" should ensure confidentiality, anonymity of personal information of citizens. It is possible to ensure the confidentiality and anonymity of personal information (personal data) of citizens only by means of cryptography, while the person himself (the biometric image of a person) should become the personal key to manage his personal cryptography.

In order to ensure the confidentiality and anonymity of personal biometric data, Russia was the first developed country to start creating a special package of national standards: GOST R 52633.0-2006 (enacted); GOST R 52633.1-2009 (put into effect), GOST R 52633.2 (passed public discussion); GOST R 52633.3 (developed, being prepared for public discussion); GOST R 52633.4 (developed, being prepared for public discussion); GOST R 52633.5 (developed, being prepared for public discussion).

Since other countries do not yet have national standards for converting a person's biometrics into his personal cryptographic key, presumably the standards of the GOST R 52633.xx package will be used in the future as the basis for the corresponding international standards. In this regard, it is interesting to note that already existing international biometric standards were originally created as US national standards. All US biometric standards are focused on police biometric passport control of foreign citizens.

There has been a clear international division of labor: Russia is creating biometric standards for "digital democracy", and the United States is actively creating a branch of biometric standards for "digital dictatorship". The digital state needs both branches of biometric standards, but it is important that these branches are balanced with each other. A branch of the Russian standards of the GOST R 52633.xx package should even out the existing skew. This is precisely the role of Russia.

3.2. Directions for the development and implementation of state policy in the information sphere

State information policy (GIP) is the ability and ability of political subjects to influence the consciousness, psyche of people, their behavior and activities with the help of information in the interests of the state and civil society. In more broad sense- this is a special sphere of people's life ... associated with the reproduction and dissemination of information that satisfies the interests of the state and civil society, and aimed at ensuring a creative, constructive dialogue between them and their representatives.

For Russia, the implementation of a competent state information policy means:

- development of civil society;

- ensuring a constructive dialogue between the state and the media and the authorities and society;

- recognition of the presumption of openness of information for citizens and protection of their information rights;

- orientation of the main components of the information space to ensure the free circulation of information, the implementation of the constitutional right to free search, receipt, production of information and its dissemination;

- increasing public confidence in the authorities;

- establishing effective relations between Russia and other countries, etc.

Also, the GUI should be aimed at implementing national interests Russia in the information sphere:

- observance of constitutional rights and freedoms in the field of obtaining and using information, preserving and strengthening the spiritual and moral values ​​of society, the cultural and scientific potential of the country;

- information support of the state policy of the Russian Federation, related to bringing to the Russian and international public reliable information about the state policy of the Russian Federation, its official position on political and socially significant events in Russian and international life, with ensuring citizens' access to open state information resources;

- development of modern information technologies, the domestic information industry, including the industry of informatization, telecommunications and communications, meeting the needs of the domestic market with its products and the entry of these products to the world market, as well as ensuring the accumulation, preservation and efficient use of domestic information resources;

- protection of information resources from unauthorized access, ensuring the security of information and telecommunication systems, both already deployed and being created on the territory of Russia.

The concept of state information policy defines subject of his research: the state information policy is a set of goals that reflect the national interests of Russia in the information sphere, strategic directions for their achievement (tasks) and a system of measures that implement them.

long-term strategic purpose The IIP proclaims the building of a democratic information society and the country's entry into the global information community. It will be effective if it is based on: consistency and openness. One of the main goals of the GIP is to harmonize the interests of citizens, society and the state, to establish a dialogue between them.

In the Concept of State Information Policy, its main tasks formulated as follows:

- modernization of information and telecommunications infrastructure;

- development of information and telecommunication technologies;

- effective formation and use of national information resources (IR), ensuring wide, free access to them;

- providing citizens with public meaningful information and the development of independent media;

- preparing a person for life and work in the coming information age;

- creation of the necessary regulatory and legal framework for building the information society.

The concept of state information policy covers almost all the most significant provisions and principles , which form the basis of the GUI:

Principle open policy- all the main activities of the information policy are openly discussed by the society and the state takes into account public opinion.

Principle equality of interest- the policy equally takes into account the interests of all participants in information activities, regardless of their position in society, form of ownership and state affiliation (same “rules of the game” for all).

Principle consistency- when implementing decisions taken on a change in the state of one of the objects of regulation, its consequences for the state of others and all in the aggregate should be taken into account.

Principle priority of the domestic producer- under equal conditions, priority is given to a competitive domestic manufacturer of information and communication means, products and services.

Principle social orientation- the main activities of the IIP should be aimed at ensuring the social interests of Russian citizens.

Principle state support- information policy measures aimed at information development of the social sphere are financed mainly by the state.

Principle priority of law- the development and application of legal and economic methods has priority over any form of administrative solutions to the problems of the information sphere.

The Russian Federation has accumulated a well-known experience in the development of state policy in the field of information sphere development. Let's single out main directions of development and implementation GUI:

1) scientific research and understanding of the patterns of development of social relations in the information sphere and problem statement;

2) definition of doctrinal and conceptual guidelines and their regulatory consolidation (such documents include the National Security Concept of the Russian Federation and the Doctrine of Information Security of the Russian Federation, the Concept for the Formation and Development of a Common Information Space in Russia and the Relevant State Information Resources (1995), the Okinawa Charter of the Global Information societies (2000);

3) specification of tasks for public authorities in determining the main directions of domestic and foreign policy (in the annual Messages of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly since 1994);

4) development and adoption of concepts for the development of legislation in the information sphere and its individual areas (the State Duma Committee on Information Policy and the Permanent Chamber on State Information Policy of the Political Advisory Council under the President of the Russian Federation approved the Concept of State Information Policy (1998), and the State Duma Committee on security - the Concept for the development of legislation in the field of information security of the Russian Federation (1998), taking into account which the Security Council of the Russian Federation prepared the Concept for improving the legal support of information security of the Russian Federation (2001), the Ministry of Communications and Informatization of the Russian Federation prepared a draft Concept for the development of legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of information and informatization);

5) development and adoption of laws as a legal basis for regulating relations in the information sphere (in the 1990s, a large array of legislation in the field of regulating information relations was formed in the Russian Federation - more than 120 laws of the federal level and more than 100 laws of the subjects of the Federation. The Constitution of the Russian Federation, all 18 codes of the Russian Federation, to a greater or lesser extent, relate to the implementation of information rights and freedoms, the formation and involvement of information resources in the economic circulation and the system of state and municipal government;

6) preparation and adoption of subordinate regulatory legal acts (regulation of the activities of state bodies and specialized organizations in the field of information activities, the design of certain areas of state policy is carried out through acts of the President of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation, regulatory legal acts of ministries and departments whose competence includes information and For example, in 1993-1999 more than ten special acts were issued on the problem of legal informatization in the Russian Federation, as a result of which many issues of organizing legal information and its distribution through the specialized systems "ConsultantPlus", "Code", " Garant”, “Sistema”, etc. Such an example on the issues of streamlining legal information is the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of August 10, 2000 No. 1486 “On additional measures to ensure the unity of the legal space of the Russian Federation”, which provides for the creation of a federal the Federal Register of Regulatory Legal Acts of the Subjects of the Russian Federation, which is entrusted to the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation;

7) preparation and implementation of federal targeted programs specifying the participation of authorities state power in the formation and implementation of state policy in accordance with their competence (an example here is the Federal Target Program "Electronic Russia (2002-2010)").

Information is meaningful side of the communication process that determines its effectiveness: 1) what information the communication contains; 2) how fast they move from one management level to another; 3) what are the losses of management information along the way; 4) to what extent it retains its adequacy after passing through communication channels. Information support is a reflection of the organization's communications:

1) input information - obtaining accurate information about the real state of one's own affairs, timely and reliable information 2) output information - regulatory and truthful informing the public within the framework of the organization's social responsibility, state control over its life.

Information is an important factor in the development and organization of social life and is expressed in various forms:

- specialized-- educational, scientific, technical and other information related to professional activities;

- generally valid- publicly available information concerning everyone and which is owned by the masses.

Society, social communities and groups in the process of social relations “feed” on information. The main intermediaries in the informational interaction of power structures with their public are the media and PR services. The information flows formed by them create a variety of mass information on all issues significant for public life and public relations. At the same time, the main contradiction of the activities of independent media and corporate PR structures in a society of pluralistic democracy is the existence of freedom of informatization as an ideal and the need to take care of its information security. Hence the problem of creating mechanisms adequate to a market society, productively realizing the freedom of speech and press, mass media, which are an absolute and necessary prerequisite for the creation and preservation of a democratic and civil society. This raises questions:

What is the information support of the life of society as an object of the implementation of information policy by social organizations;

What are the models of relations between the authorities and the media that predetermine the nature and direction of the implementation in society of the principle of freedom of speech and the press, the mass media as an ideal;

What are the innovations in the functioning of the media in the process of capitalization of Russian society;

What are the features of interaction between independent media and corporate PR structures that are of decisive importance for optimizing public relations and public relations;

What is the meaning of the implementation of the information policy of state and municipal government.

In the information and political space, each actor forms his own practices, demonstrating the appropriate ways to achieve goals and interact with his counterparties. However, the most powerful influence on all groups, parties, corps of citizens and institutions participating in political communications is exerted by the state - the most powerful producer of mass information in society. It is the state that has the most developed system of institutions that seek to establish uniform norms for information exchanges for society.

Exists four possible types of informational behavior of the state, each of which has its own specifics of establishing and maintaining political contacts with partners and opponents. These include: public policy, information campaigns, individual information campaigns, as well as post factum actions (representing the reaction of state structures to certain past events that deprive them of the opportunity to purposefully influence the information situation). All these types of behavior are specific forms of implementation or information support (support) of the goals of the state and differ from each other in the mechanisms of organizing political communication, institutional design, and even certain technologies for maintaining communication.

State information policy can be defined as a set of interrelated actions aimed at creating conditions for citizens to receive information that satisfies their basic needs and interests; development of relevant technical means that ensure the creation (processing, storage and delivery) of information resources of a business, entertainment, scientific, educational and other nature; involving the provision of international contacts and relations between the state and society, embedding institutions and power structures in supranational (global) information processes.

In a broader sense, the GIP is "a special sphere of people's life ... associated with the reproduction and dissemination of information that satisfies the interests of the state and civil society, and aimed at ensuring a creative, constructive dialogue between them and their representatives" .

The complex, complex nature of these tasks in the information sphere, which are constantly being solved by the state, also requires the achievement of a number of more specific goals arising from its role responsibilities. These may include:

¦ ensuring the legal rights of citizens to receive information in accordance with the principles of freedom of speech and protection of privacy and intellectual property;

¦ providing the population with technical opportunities for obtaining information at the modern level;

¦ protection of the younger generation from aggressive information;

¦ continuous improvement of education and healthcare systems based on the introduction of technical advances in the information sphere;

¦ cheapening of state information of citizens, transformation of the functions of state bodies on the basis of constant transmission of information to its consumers in electronic form;

¦ preventing illegal circulation of information;

¦ continuous improvement of organizational and personnel structures that ensure the effective achievement of the goals of information policy.

However, the information state policy - and the further, the more - acts as a system-forming element of the total activity of the state as a whole, the most important means of maintaining a public dialogue between government and society. Thanks to the conquest of such positions, it is able not only to achieve its own goals, but also to compensate for the failures of public administration in some other areas of public life.

Information policy and information society, the unity of their development is a strategic object of social informatiology. Politics, as you know, is an area (type) of people's activities associated with power relations. At the same time, politics is the art of managing power in all spheres of society. Power is determined by the ability and ability to exert a decisive influence on activity and behavior through any means: rights, authority, will, violence, etc.

For the effective implementation of information policy, appropriate conditions are necessary:

Availability cards information field, revealing the diversification (variety) of information flows and differentiation (segmentation) of target (contact) audiences;

Creation of information infrastructure, capable of providing, within the framework of the information space, the integration of information flows with management decisions and positions;

Creation systems interaction with the media as a tool for public relations and the formation of public fame;

Constant holding monitoring on the implementation of the information policy conducted inside and outside the organization.

Science identifies three main paradigms of information policy: totalitarian, mechanistic; manipulative; discourse, dialogue. If the first two dominate or their mixed version with a deficit of the third, then inevitably over time a low rating of trust in the media is formed (especially in conditions when the authorities authoritarianly subjugate the media), mediacracy, which is transferred through the mechanism of transfer to trust in the authorities. As a result, there is a communication gap between the authorities and the people.

In a real, not a virtual information society, such problems are resolved as if by themselves. But this requires an appropriate state information policy, a constant discourse between the authorities and public opinion, aimed at developing the organic unity of the electronic-technical and humanitarian components of information technology.

As interpreted by the Concept of State Information Policy, state information policy(GIP) is a set of goals reflecting the national interests of Russia in the information sphere, strategic directions for achieving them (tasks) and a system of measures that implement them. The state information policy is considered as an important component of the foreign and domestic policy of the state, covering all spheres of society. Its long-term strategic goal is to build democratic information society and entry of the country into the world information community; it can be effective if it is comprehensive, systemic, open and aimed at harmonizing interests citizens, society and the state.

The Concept realistically assesses the high importance of the mass information system as the main means of shaping mass consciousness, a channel for informing society about the activities of state institutions, dissemination of political, economic and cultural ideas, designed to help build a democratic information society, ensure the protection of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens.

I 1) policy openness principle(all the main activities of the information policy are openly discussed by the society, and the state takes into account public opinion);

2) principle of equal interests(the policy equally takes into account the interests of all participants in information activities, regardless of their position in society, form of ownership and state affiliation);

3) principle of consistency(implementation of the decisions made to change the state of one of the objects of regulation involves taking into account the consequences for the state of others and all objects in the aggregate);

4) the principle of priority of the domestic producer(if conditions are equal, priority is given to a competitive domestic producer of information and communication means, products and services);

5) principle of social orientation(the main activities of the IIP should be aimed at ensuring the social interests of Russian citizens);

6) principle of state support(measures of the state information policy aimed at the information development of the social sphere are financed mainly by the state);

7) principle of priority of law(the development and application of legal and economic methods have priority over any form of administrative solutions to the problems of the information environment).

Russia's transition to the information society is inevitable and necessary, it is inextricably linked with the further democratization of political and public life and implies the presumption of openness of information for citizens and the protection of their information rights. Due to the importance of the media in present stage the development of our society and the presence of a large number of problems in the field of mass media, the need for direct state intervention in regulating the activities of the press, radio and television broadcasting through the implementation of state information policy is also recognized. In this regard, the Concept highlights the main areas of the GIP in the field of mass media:

1) preventing the media from subordinating to the opportunistic interests of government and business and strengthening the possibilities of their influence on the media(we are talking about direct pressure, supplying the media with incomplete, vague, distorted or false information, outright disinformation, deliberate reticence, fusion of power structures, business, the press, etc.);

2) regulation of the level of concentration and monopolization of the media(a high level of concentration and monopolization contributes to the reduction of independent sources of information, the concentration of the media in the hands of representatives of the economic elite, lack of rights for journalists, etc.);

3) protecting the interests of regional media markets and promoting the development of local media;

4) improvement of national legislation in terms of guarantees of freedom of speech and information, free dissemination of mass media, including at the cross-border level, preventing the spread of violence and intolerance through the media, ensuring media pluralism, access to official information.

For the implementation of the state information policy, first of all, it is necessary to create single information space. The state began to develop the concept of a single information space and ways of its formation in the early 90s, however, until now, the adopted legislative acts do not give a complete picture of the nature of a single information space and the features of its functioning in the socio-cultural environment.

As V.D. Popov, information space-- this is "the sphere of relations between subjects and objects, which is formed regarding the production, distribution and consumption of information." . A single information space in relation to the media is equal space, in which communications are carried out in the interests of all users, and not individual corporate clients which allows creating conditions for the functioning and development of information society institutions, developing open social systems.

In other words, the creation of a single information space is the ability of the state, with the help of various forms of regulation of the activities of the media and communication, to stimulate it in such a way that the media and the media provide all citizens with the necessary and sufficient information, the fullest possible range of facts and opinions that are in circulation. in the country and the world, with the aim of orienting (meeting the information needs of citizens) in ongoing events and developing one's attitude to these events, including the version of state bodies, or the official version.

During the period 1997-1998. concept entered the life of society information wars. The information wars themselves, according to social scientists, began in our country much earlier, but they became known to the general public during this period. And during the same period mediatization of politics, when "the media become the main medium of political communication".

Highly appreciating the ability of the media to influence public consciousness, on the eve of the 1996 elections, capital began to acquire the media as an instrument of influence on society and politicians.

But since different groups seeking to increase their capital have their own media (and, therefore, have the opportunity to influence politicians and politics through them), then the owners of the media, fighting with each other to increase their capital or restructure the capital of a competitor, wage information wars with the help of the media.

Modern information warfare in Russia is a war carried out with the help of the media to expand and restructure business through the impact on the mass and individual consciousness.

The dangerous “political monopoly” on the media of the party in power, which is made up of government officials, heads of administrations, governors, mayors of cities, creates difficulties in determining the “golden mean”, when national interests will be balanced with the interests of developing democratic freedoms. Further development of the media system is impossible without the development of legislation to regulate the concentration and monopolization of the media, to ensure their transparency, or “transparency”, since the links of media ownership are not obvious: the foundations of financial relations often cannot be clarified at all. Thus, the two leading directions of the state information policy are prevention of subordination of the media to the opportunistic interests of government and business and regulation of the level of concentration and monopolization of the media -- are not implemented in practice and, consequently, hinder the processes of social development.

Two other provisions - the protection of interests and the development of regional media markets and the improvement of national legislation in terms of guarantees of freedom of speech and information - also make it impossible to talk about their implementation. First, officials still (but differently depending on the level of income in each region) regulate and even manage most of the information processes at the local level. Secondly, the existing legislation has not received due development on a number of important issues, such as: the relationship "owner - founder - editorial office"; status of publisher, broadcaster and owner; state regulation of the general conditions of economic activity of the media, antimonopoly regulation in the media sphere, participation of foreign investors in the activities of the media, etc. Fundamental laws on television and radio broadcasting and on the right to information have not been adopted

Thirdly, the state does not provide a single information space. It does not provide for two reasons: firstly, the media become simply inaccessible to Russians; secondly, at the regional level, they increasingly fall under the yoke of the executive branch.

The state should be responsible for the formation of information policy because, as noted above, information policy is the most important integral part foreign and domestic policy of the state. For example, when the information policy of the BBC was planned, it was based not on reducing the information potential of programs to the level of their average consumer, but on the contrary, raising the educational and cognitive level of information consumers in order to increase their knowledge set, to increase their independent ability to assess what is happening. The founder of the BBC, J. Reith, defended the status of a corporation, standing above the audience, which the corporation was called upon to “entertain, enlighten”, “enlighten furtively”, unobtrusively, unedifyingly - such was, among other things, state policy. If we analyze foreign publications produced for the Russian reader, they are much "lighter" in comparison with their European counterparts and, therefore, do not contribute to the acceleration processes in raising the level of public consciousness. The same trend is typical for the domestic media, the vast majority of which do not work for the interests of the accelerated development of society (statistics show that more than half of the Russian print media are advertising in nature or perform the functions of the "yellow" press). As a rule, the media has one task - financial gain by increasing circulation by satisfying not the most demanding tastes or by sensationalism.

Let us analyze what contribution the media can make to the development of society through a balanced information policy. Firstly, the Russian media, as the socio-political and intellectual avant-garde of society, should base their information policy on the function of unedifyingly “entertaining, enlightening”, raising the average consumer to their level, equipping him with an objective idea of ​​the ongoing processes and supplying him with a variety of information, providing ground for comparison and reflection. First of all, it is necessary to pay attention to young people, to the problems of their education and to the formation of a scale of values.

Secondly, the mass media and communications need to significantly intensify the consolidating function for the three leading forces of society that are the foundation of a democratic state: government, business and the media, which currently, before the activation of non-governmental and non-profit organizations (NPOs/NGOs), represent in this triumvirate the public interest.

QMS, due to economic dependence, cannot always act as an equal partner in such a dialogue. Nevertheless, it is they who are destined to take the lead in a constant, systematic exchange of views and the development of mutually acceptable solutions to meet the needs of the state, society and the individual, and also, possibly, in the exercise of control functions for the execution of decisions. However, all these efforts will not be realized if the parity of honesty and justice is not formed in relations between the government, business and society represented by the media, if the "double standard" that exists today flourishes. Again, the media and the media can take over the control function in this, putting false promises and unfair decisions on public display. But the state should help break the vicious circle, whether by introducing strict ethical codes, new articles on administrative offenses, or in some other way, requiring increased responsibility of both civil servants and businessmen to society.

Thirdly, the mass media and communications should change their attitude towards civil associations, the so-called non-profit or non-governmental organizations. Not actively supported by the media, they create their own special small-circulation media and disseminate information about their activities via the Internet. However, this is not enough for the active development of NGOs/NGOs, they need strong, systematic appearances in traditional media, and not only when they raise high-profile political issues. Non-support of NGOs/NGOs delays the development of civic activity, the development of public consciousness, the development of each individual as a self-sufficient social unit. Fourth, the media today do not reflect real life countries: from them we learn about some political decisions of the authorities, about catastrophes and emergencies, about the activities carried out by organizations and institutions, but we do not know how the economy is developing and how the activity of the agricultural sector of this year differs from the previous one, in which direction scientific thought is developing and medicine, what changes await the education system and what professions will be most in demand in 10 years. The media can be an arena for the exchange of positive experiences, a tool for collecting ideas submitted by the public, in addition to being one of the main accumulators of negative opinions and a means of publishing them in priority order. And, of course, the media should present independent and alternative opinions of representatives of different political and non-political trends and strata of society.

Fifth, at the level of self-organization, the media, both federal and local, can create Councils for Information Disputes that help ensure the information rights of citizens and stimulate the social responsibility of the media. In October 2002, a similar independent public organization, bringing together specialists in the field of mass media and law, was created in the Rostov region. The Council on Information Disputes in the Rostov Region is successfully operating; journalists, citizens, organizations, including those representing authorities and administrations, apply to it to resolve issues in the information sphere.

The state of information policy (state and non-state) can be assessed in the following characteristics:

1. It is important to understand that mass media are a factor in the political stability of society. Newspapers systematically state a dangerous trend in changing the state of citizens' trust in the state and authorities, which forms a depressive state of the public psyche, and the people, the country need social optimism and the real world.

2. With the spontaneous dominance in the media and the MK of a spiritless "spiritual power", while ignoring the mass media of moral assessments from the public, prominent and authoritative figures of the country, planting consumer mass culture, commercialization of TV As a result, a new level of public consciousness appeared - "yellow press consciousness" or “glossy” and scientific, humanitarian, spiritual consciousness are being squeezed out. In this state of media policy, it is difficult to build an information society. The media have completely lost (or deliberately abandoned) their educational, educational, and analytical functions.

3. Taking into account what has happened in the world, the main paradigms of information influence have been tested: 1) mechanical, totalitarian; 2) manipulative; 3) dialogue, plus discourse, we note that in our information policy there is a large deficit of the third, most effective - dialogue, discourse. Discourse is not just a dialogue, but a dialogue on a problem that is generally significant for society. If there is no discourse, there is no solution to the problem either from the side of the authorities or from the media. In the Russian media, there is no discourse either on the problems of information policy or on the essence and prospects of the information society, thus, in fact, there is no feedback from public opinion.

4. The solution of the most, perhaps, urgent problem - information support of social, and indeed reforms in general, with the help of information policy. This is where the communicative nature of power and power as a means of communication is realized.

5. It is important to adequately understand, first of all, managers, the essence and role of information and communication in the modern world, in the formation of the fundamental foundations of the information society in our country, the problem of the difficulties of forming information policy, and, consequently, the humanitarian basis of the information society.

In Russia, there is an information policy and even an information society (its technical basis) is being built. But from the standpoint of the main criteria: Russia's national interests, development strategy, the meaning of society, the presence of a "social ideal", discursive communication between the authorities and the people of information support for reforms - such a potential of information policy remains poorly realized.

The structure of the state information policy

Contradictory problems solved in the process of formation and development of information policy determine its complex and specific internal structure.

The institutional structure of the state information policy is made up of organizations that form its content and goals. These include: governing and coordinating structures of supreme power; analytical structures (representing the centers of situational analysis at various government departments, in regions or the most important structures of power); databases and databanks (including national libraries); centers of (technical) information protection; centers for the development of standards for information contacts (for adaptation to the world political space); PR services at state bodies and relevant research structures.

In the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, work on establishing public relations is carried out by state information agencies, public relations departments, responsible persons for press relations and other functional units of local authorities. As direct press center functions could perform:

* prompt and complete informing of citizens about the activities of the organization, including through the media;

* distribution, and, if necessary, preparation for the media of official communications, statements and other informational (journalistic) materials on the activities of the organization;

* preparation and transmission to the media of explanations and comments of specialists, experts and authors of decisions and actions of the organization;

* Carrying out, in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation "On the Mass Media" and its own regulation, the accreditation of journalists performing an editorial task and covering the activities of this organization;

* rendering assistance to accredited journalists, as well as correspondents performing the task of collecting and preparing materials for publication, television or radio broadcasts;

* preparation for the media of press bulletins, press releases, reviews, special issues of thematic information;

* preparation and holding of press conferences, briefings, exhibitions, presentations, meetings with journalists on current problems of the administration;

* analysis of press materials, radio and television information about the activities of the organization for its leaders and employees;

* stimulation of support by citizens of socially significant programs of social movements;

· Creation of a favorable image of state structures.

To successfully perform its functions, the press service must perform work on the following directions:

* give advice, engage in consulting activities;

* perform work in the field of communication;

* conduct research and analysis PR problems;

* develop and implement PR programs (PR-campaigns, promotions);

* integrate all communication functions.

The organization of the work of the press center should provide for the possibility of round-the-clock interaction of its employees with representatives of the press. This requires a shift mode of operation of the press center and the possibility of operational communication with its key employees during off-hours (for example, at night).

The press liaison officer should strive not only to read a large number newspapers and magazines according to the profile of their work, but also to independent writing of relevant notes, articles and analytical reviews.

The emergence of unforeseen (including crisis) situations in the activities of the administration is accompanied, as a rule, by an increase and complication of information flows. In this situation, the press service must have not only reliable means of operational communication, but also a clear action plan to avoid transmitting inaccurate, unverified or deliberately false information to various media, to prevent an information vacuum and possible panic.

Information transmitted to the media should always be honest, reliable and trustworthy. The truth should always be told, even if it is not particularly pleasant for the administration itself. The attitude of the media, and through them the public, to the organization and its representatives depends on this.

The most important task of the press center is the preparation and holding of press conferences.

Press conferences- one of the most common and effective ways of organizing public relations and transmitting the necessary information to it through an intermediary, the role of which in this case is played by the press and other media.

Press conferences are appropriate in cases where it is necessary:

* inform your public about any important and extraordinary event in your life;

* present a new concept of development, causing massive public interest;

* resolve controversial issues that have long been discussed by the public;

* Establish personal contacts between the management of the organization and representatives of the media.

Of course, if there are sufficient funds, specialists, etc. the PR structure, along with the press center, may also include other formations: information and analytical service, a unit for working with applications and complaints from citizens; television, radio, photo department, editorial office of its own publication, etc.

The functional features of the activities of PR services in public authorities determine their organizational structure. As practice shows, most often the structures that deal with public relations in state structures consist of four divisions.

* Information and analytical department.

* Department of Information Communications.

* Department for work with political parties and public organizations.

* Organizational and legal department.

An analysis of the activities of modern Russian state structures for public relations shows that the distribution of responsibilities between these units, as a rule, occurs as follows.

Tasks of the information and analytical department

1. Collection and analysis of socio-political information related to the implementation of political and economic activities of the Government and the State Duma of the Russian Federation, regional executive and legislative authorities.

2. Monitoring, analysis of the state and dynamics of public opinion in the process of implementing economic, political and social programs and actions.

3. Analysis of the activities of the regional mass media in covering and interpreting the activities of federal and regional government bodies.

4. Forecasting the socio-political situation and possible scenarios for the development of events in the country, region, constituent entity of the Russian Federation, in connection with the implementation of initiatives, political actions, expenses in the economic and social policy both federal and regional authorities.

5. Examination of materials informing about the activities of public authorities.

6. Development of methodological recommendations on information support for the activities of the authority, dissemination of information and information exchange in the interests of forming a complete and reliably positive assessment of the authority by the population.

Tasks of the Information Communications Department

1. Formation of an objective public opinion about the activities of a public authority.

2. Informing about the activities and explaining the decisions and practical actions of the authorities.

3. Accreditation and provision of journalists at a state institution, in the manner prescribed by the current legislation.

4. Preparation and distribution of statements, messages, press releases and other official information materials of public authorities.

5. Carrying out explanatory activities using various forms (advertising brochures, information stands, leaflets, bulletins, public opinion polls, etc.).

6. Analysis of publications in the press, radio and television information, letters and appeals from citizens, requests from media editors. Based on the analysis of letters, citizens' appeals, press publications and television and radio information, media requests, proposals for providing information activities of the public authority.

7. Preparation and distribution of official denials in case of publication of false information about the activities of the administration.

8. Organization of interaction with print and electronic media in the preparation of publications and television and radio programs dedicated to the activities of structural and territorial divisions of the authority.

9. Release of printed, television, radio and video products dedicated to the activities of the state authority and aimed at increasing the investment attractiveness of the region.

Tasks of the department for work with public associations

1. Support for activities and interaction with public associations, ensuring the activities of bodies for interaction with public associations, participation in organizing and holding consultative meetings with political parties and movements.

2. Representation of the authority at official events: rallies, meetings, meetings, etc. Participation in the organization and holding of citywide events according to the plan of activities of the authority, as well as participation in the organization and holding of events organized by public associations. Representing the administration at events held by public associations.

3. Organization of public opinion research on the most important problems of the life of the country, the subject of the Russian Federation.

4. Collection and analysis of socio-political information related to the implementation of the political and economic activities of the Administration and regional executive and legislative authorities.

5. Providing a public relations service with current, analytical, prognostic information related to the assessment of the state of public opinion and the nature of socio-political processes.

6. Development of recommendations on information support for the activities of the authority, the dissemination of information and the implementation of information exchange, in the interests of forming a complete, reliably positive assessment of the results of the administration's activities.

7. Interaction with deputies of the legislature of various levels, as well as deputies of municipal councils on issues within the competence of the unit.

8. Coordination of applications from public associations and initiative groups of citizens for holding mass civil actions (pickets, rallies, processions, demonstrations).

9. Organization of activities for the distribution of budget funds in the form of grants for the implementation of the most social significant projects public associations. Preparation of draft agreements (contracts) with the winners of the relevant competitions.

Tasks of the organizational and legal department

1. Organization and implementation of legal expertise of documents published or submitted to the public relations service for approval or approval; management of the examination, maintenance and registration of business contracts of the PR service.

2. Organization and holding of press conferences, briefings, "round tables" with the participation of administration staff with representatives of the media. Organization and coverage of events held with the participation of top officials, visits of official delegations, as well as assistance in the organization, holding and coverage of mass public events and actions.

3. Ensuring the solution of issues of placement and operation of outdoor advertising and information objects in the region, interaction with organizations and enterprises operating in this field.

4. Order and purchase in the prescribed manner of printed materials, information technology equipment, software, office equipment to carry out the activities of the public relations service. Organization and conduct of the necessary competitive procedures for placing an order for contract work for state needs under the budget items supervised by the department.

5. Management of the provision of activities of employees of the public relations service with office equipment, furniture and stationery, as well as accounting and control of material assets.

6. Organization of work with personnel and personnel records management, ensuring the work of the reception of the head of the PR service.

7. Involving in its activities the heads and employees of other departments of the state institution, as well as, in accordance with the current legislation, specialists on contractual terms to resolve issues within the competence of the department.

8. Organization and control over tenders for placing an order for contract work for state needs on budget items supervised by the subdivision: conducting tender and other pre-contractual procedures, preparing draft contracts, as well as monitoring their execution when spending budget funds for target items.

9. Ensuring the preparation of appeals to state and municipal authorities on issues of competence of the management activities.

Information materials prepared by PR-services specialists for transfer to the media can be divided into the following main types:

* materials about current events in the activities of the administration;

* thematic reviews;

* analytical articles;

* statistical reports for a certain period of time;

* refutation of unreliable or deliberately false information about the company previously published in newspapers and magazines;

* answers to readers' questions, criticisms of the administration, media inquiries;

When preparing the listed materials, a public relations specialist should not seek to replace a journalist in working on the text of messages intended for publication. Its task is the timely preparation of reliable information (for example, in the form of a press statement, press release, etc.). The journalist, in turn, on the basis of the information received, must write the text of the message, using professional skills, accumulated experience and a personal point of view on the issue covered.

The organizational structure of services in public authorities should be determined by their functional features. The task is to use such an organizational structure that most fully corresponds to the goals and objectives set, allows you to interact with the external environment in the best possible way, efficiently distribute and direct the efforts of your employees and thus satisfy the needs of the managed object and achieve your goals.

The activities of PR structures, qualified specialists are designed to professionally and competently establish constructive ties and relationships with a segmented public. In addition, this activity helps managers and employees at all levels to see and realize the multifactorial nature that must be taken into account when forming a regional policy.

PR service is a specialized, intermediary communication and information activity aimed at establishing channels of bilateral interaction between the structures of state and municipal government (GMU) and the segmented public, with other subjects of the socio-political process to achieve mutual understanding, cooperation and social partnership in society. It is designed to help the administration in making managerial decisions, orienting it to the mood and possible reactions of the public when starting any business; to prepare public opinion for a correct understanding of the actions of the administration; to convince people that this or that innovation will turn out to be a benefit (benefit) for them; change the mass consciousness, fight distrust, rumors; gain authority, reputation (image) and awaken the energy of the population to combat inertia. The main task of the PR is to develop the actions of the authorities in a dialogue mode with the public, models of cooperation in order to prevent social conflicts in which the behavioral component dominates. The higher the level of readiness of power structures to act in critical situations, the faster and more painlessly they are resolved.

It should be noted that the information policy of the State Medical University in organizing its own information space is largely declarative in nature due to the fact that the main means of its implementation - PR structures in regional and municipal administrations have not received proper development, and public relations work on the new canons of PR -action continues to be a pioneering work. In administrations poorly know the potential and possibilities of using PR, do not oriented on the responses of the public when making managerial decisions, developing social projects in the region, not organize a system of "public participation", a constant dialogue between the authorities and the population, as one of the fundamental conditions for its successful functioning. In turn, the public is poorly informed about the nature of the chosen political positions of the administration, the essence and program of its political course, the motives for making certain decisions and initiatives. People seldom hear responsible officials and are unaccustomed to listening to their opinion on the important problems of reforming society carried out locally. However, today the limit of activity of the "top-down" type of bureaucracy has been exhausted. The task is to bring the state and municipal apparatus closer to citizens and their organizations, to make its work more open, responsive, democratic and to strengthen communication with the public.

The optimal and rational setting of PR services is an effective means for implementing the information policy of the State Medical University in its own information space. Their organization should be based on the following conceptual guidelines.

1. Possession of independent competence and active constructive activity, constituting public relations and relations with the help of a complex of “persuasive” communication and information technologies in the presence of their own budget.

2. Creation of a system network of information and communication channels for direct and feedback("nerves of the government"): the authorities must inform the public and be informed.

3. Implementation of a unified information policy of the administration, which ensures the integration of information flows with management decisions and positions.

4. Achieving a program of civil consent in solving managerial problems based on the coordination of the interests of the public (managed) and state structures (managers) so that their decisions are accepted (recognizable, understandable, desirable).

5. Inclusion (participation) of the public in management activities as an equal subject of public relations: a dialogue between the authorities and the public so that its interests, desires, and aspirations are taken into account.

6. Creation of a set of conditions for the systematic realization of the potential of the public relations service and representation of the interests of the administration outside the region (government, other regions, international relations).

7. Training (retraining) of qualified PR-specialists in public relations who have the knowledge and skills to perform the functions of a press secretary, manager of a communication and information structure, public relations, media relations, public opinion formation, corporate culture, image-making, etc.

To the main directions activities of PR specialists should include:

Information and explanatory support of the strategy and tactics of the ministries, ensuring the integration of information flows with management decisions;

Organizational and technological support for the participation of senior government officials in public relations (business meetings, official receptions, speeches, press conferences, video and photo services, media relations, etc.);

Preparation and implementation of PR campaigns, actions of regular changing and transforming, educational and educational impact on the public, comprehensive information about the activities of the government body and the benefits it brings to society, significantly increasing the effect of management;

Constant monitoring of professional issues and informing the management about the state of public opinion, possible responses of the population to the policy pursued or planned by the ministries;

Development of specific proposals on the formation of public opinion, corporate culture, image-making projects and much more.

Define the essence of the policy.

Understanding the essence of state policy in the information sphere of human activity makes it possible to identify the qualitative features of this independent and very important phenomenon in the social and political life of society, to determine some patterns in the content and form of this policy.

In the scientific literature, the term "state policy in the field of informatics" in its scientific understanding is not widely used. This can be explained, if only because the concept of "computer science", as we have already mentioned, is a field of knowledge about the nature of information, as well as methods and means of its processing and use. For public policy, it is not so much the area of ​​knowledge that matters, but the part of the sphere of practical human activity related to information. The relatively isolated and independent activity of the state in this area is usually defined as state information policy, although the term (word) chosen by science, as we know, does not always reflect the essence of the phenomena and processes that it is intended to express.

2. What are the semantic properties of the state information policy?

The term "state information policy" is applicable precisely as a definition of a new area of ​​state activity in the 21st century. Given this circumstance, it is necessary to consider it not only as a working term, but also at the level of a concept that unites large institutions of information knowledge in the field of state activity. In any case, for lawyers with professional knowledge in the development of state activity, the chosen term "state information policy" is the most appropriate for understanding the essence of organized information activity. Moreover, the acceleration of the process of informatization of state bodies, as the subject matter of legal regulation, is increasingly becoming a reality of jurisprudence as a science and the legal system as a whole.

1. Legitimization of politics;

2. Organizational and legislative consolidation of the rules, forms and boundaries of political struggle;

3. Participates in the political struggle within the limits established by law on the side of the subject having political power;

3. List the goals and objectives of the state information policy.

To characterize the degree of manifestation of the essence of the policy in question, achievable in real conditions of the socio-political development of society;

Represent the spiritual benefits of social development and the results of the program of activity of the ruling subject in the information sphere, including the resolution of the most acute problems and contradictions of the information society;

In Russia:

Promoting the sustainability of social development;

Ensuring public support for public policy measures.

The desired result of the activities of state bodies and officials in the information sphere;

Achieving the goal of the state information policy at a certain, relatively stable interval or at some specific moment of social development.

4. Name the principles of the state information policy.

The principles of the state information policy are the basic provisions that guide state bodies and officials in the performance of the tasks of the state information policy.

These principles, on the one hand, reflect approaches to organizing the performance of the main functions of the state (general principles), and on the other hand, they specify the provisions of the theoretical and conceptual subject area of ​​the information policy of a subject with public authority (special principles).

The general principles of the state information policy include, first of all:

The principle of legality in the formation and implementation of the state information policy consists in strict observance of the norms of legislation with the supremacy of the norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws;

The principle of scientific validity - to be used in the preparation of proposals on the content and form of the state information policy of the results scientific research in relevant fields of knowledge;

The principle of unity consists in the development and observance of approaches and requirements common for all subjects of information activity to the development of program measures of the state information policy and their implementation in the practice of informatization;

The principle of consistency - in taking into account, when determining the measures of the state information policy and their implementation, all the main factors that have a significant impact on the implementation of policy objectives, including the volume of financial, material, technological, human and other resources necessary for this;

The principle of efficiency - in the use by the state to implement the policy of methods and means that are the most rational in relation to specific socio-political and other conditions for the implementation of state activities (for example, minimizing the cost of material and financial resources to achieve the goal of state information policy, reducing the time it takes to achieve it, reducing the volume of resources attracted for this, etc.).

Among the special principles of the state information policy are provisions that determine, first of all, the development of the information society in the Russian Federation: partnership between the state, business and civil society; freedom and equality of access to information and knowledge; support for domestic manufacturers of products and services in the field of information and telecommunications technologies; promoting the development of international cooperation in the field of information and telecommunication technologies; ensuring national security in the information sphere.

Special principles of state information policy can be found, for example, in the Concept for the formation of a vertically integrated automated system state administration (GAS "Management").

Chapter 4

STATE POLICY IN THE FIELD OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT

INFORMATION SOCIETY IN RUSSIA

1. List the main features of the information society.

The concept of "information society" is the legal successor of the concept of "post-industrial society", its specification. Synonyms: "intellectual society", "knowledge society", "educated society". The information society as an information (knowledge) stage in the development of the material and spiritual culture of a post-industrial civilization is a civilizational formation.

The first mention of the concept of the information society dates back to the 60s. 20th century (USA, Japan). At that time, it was believed that the main distinguishing feature of the new society would be the information economy, the main product and resource of which would be information and its highest form - knowledge, and the main function - saving time with the help of information technology. At the same time, fears were expressed that information could become a powerful power resource, the concentration of which could potentially lead to the emergence of an information version of a totalitarian state.

Over time, it became clear that the information society will not manage with the information economy alone. In order for the mentioned danger to democracy not to arise in it, for society to develop harmoniously and in the interests of all citizens, it must be multifaceted, taking into account all aspects of life. In other words, the necessary features of the information society should not be limited to the material and economic interests of citizens, but also take into account their spiritual needs. Currently, the following set of such signs has developed:

the cult of knowledge;

information economy;

information culture;

information labor market;

information infrastructure;

Informatization of social technologies;

information legislation.

As a result of studying the chapter, the student must:

know

The concept and content of state policy in the field of informatics;

be able to

• determine the goals, objectives, principles and main directions of the state information policy;
• use methods for determining the main directions and prospects for the development of state information policy;

own

skills in determining the main provisions of the state information policy.

The concept and essence of state policy in the information sphere

Understanding the essence of state policy in the information sphere of human activity makes it possible to identify the qualitative features of this independent and very important phenomenon in the social and political life of society, to determine some patterns in the content and form of this policy.

In the scientific literature, the term "state policy in the field of informatics" in its scientific understanding is not widely used. This can be explained, if only because the concept of "computer science", as we have already mentioned, is a field of knowledge about the nature of information, as well as methods and means of its processing and use. For public policy, it is not so much the area of ​​knowledge that matters, but the part of the sphere of practical human activity related to information. The relatively isolated and independent activity of the state in this area is usually defined as state information policy, although the term (word) chosen by science, as we know, does not always reflect the essence of those phenomena and processes that it is intended to express.

The term "state information policy" is applicable precisely as a definition of a new area of ​​state activity in the 21st century. Given this circumstance, it is necessary to consider it not only as a working term, but also at the level of a concept that unites large institutions of information knowledge in the field of state activity. In any case, for lawyers with professional knowledge in the development of state activity, the chosen term "state information policy" is the most appropriate for understanding the essence of organized information activity. Moreover, the acceleration of the process of informatization of state bodies, as the subject matter of legal regulation, is increasingly becoming a reality of jurisprudence as a science and the legal system as a whole.

To determine the nature and essence of the state information policy, it is necessary to consider certain key features of this concept: politics, information policy, state information policy.

Politics

The concept of "politics" is one of the most complex in political science. It is no coincidence that over the past two and a half thousand years, philosophers who have sought to comprehend the essence of government, state power as such (Heraclitus of Ephesus, Confucius, Democritus, Plato, Aristotle, etc.) have come to a common understanding this concept so they couldn't.

It is believed that this term was first introduced by Aristotle, who studied the functions and structure of the state of his time. He designated the word "polity" a state in which government is exercised by the majority for the common good (23, 112). In the following hundreds of years, the interpretation of the concept of "politics" has gradually undergone significant changes. Thus, Max Weber believed that politics is "the desire to participate in power or to influence the distribution of power, whether between states, whether within a state, between groups of people that it contains" (24, 645). P. A. Holbach defined it as "the art of managing people, the art of making them contribute to the preservation and well-being of society" (25, 380), K. Manheim - as "a conflict that is increasingly becoming a life-and-death struggle" ( 26, 7), L. Strauss defined politics as the organization, ordering and formation of society in such a way as to harmonize it with its goals (27, 35), and G. Morgenthau - as a struggle for influence (28, 11). R. Aron, who devoted considerable time to the study of politics, noted that, on the one hand, this is a concept, a program of action, and on the other hand, the actions of one person, a group of people, the government in relation to solving a specific social problem. The essence of politics, in his opinion, lies in the way in which power is exercised and in the choice of rulers (29, 54).

According to modern political scientists, recently this term has been assigned a wide variety of meanings: the field of activity, the line of behavior and actions, the method of regulation, the nature of human relations, etc. (30, 32).

In political science, the term "politics" has not received an unambiguous definition. It is revealed as "the activity of state bodies, political parties, social movements, organizations and their leaders in the sphere of relations between large social groups, nations and states, aimed at mobilizing their efforts in order to strengthen political power or win it by specific methods" (31, 566 ), or as "a set of relations that develop as a result of purposeful interaction of groups regarding the conquest, retention and use of state power in order to realize their socially significant interests" (30, 53).

Modern political science considers a significant number of subjects of public life as participants in political life: influential social groups, political organizations, individual citizens. Policy object each of the participants are relations related to the achievement of socially significant goals, and subject - methods and ways of activity on the decision of the political tasks arising in connection with the given purposes. These goals and objectives may be to intensify the socio-economic and political development of society, to counteract the negative manifestations of economic crises, to eliminate such negative phenomena of public life as drunkenness, drug addiction, spiritual degradation of the population, or corruption in ensuring the security of society and the state in the face of a threat external aggression or terrorist acts, etc. In all cases, political goals and interests have a pronounced social orientation.

In this interpretation, politics has dualism, and in this study, two main dimensions can be distinguished - social and subjective.

The public dimension of politics focuses attention, first of all, on its role in stimulating social development, resolving the problems and contradictions of this development. Due to the significant social significance of the problems raised by the subjects of politics, their struggle attracts the socially active forces of society to participate in the formation and upholding of their ideas about the public good, and also forces the subject with public authority to constantly prove to the public the effectiveness of its activities in the use of public resources. power to achieve the public good. In the absence of this mechanism, politics as a phenomenon of social life degenerates into violence (coercion). In this sense, it can be said that there is no politics without public struggle.

The essence of politics in the public dimension is to identify the priorities of social development on the basis of the competitive struggle of political subjects for attracting public authorities' resources to resolve the most acute contradictions in public life.

Subjective Dimension policy focuses on the process of achieving the goals set by a specific policy subject and satisfying his political interests. From this side, politics is a special area of ​​activity of the subject of politics, associated with the public struggle for mastery (in conditions of competition and / or cooperation with other subjects of politics) of the resources of public authority (financial, spiritual, personnel, material and technical, social, informational), as well as for the use of these resources to implement the ideas of the subject of politics about the public good.

The essence of politics in the subjective dimension lies in the achievement and preservation by the subject of politics (in competition with political opponents and in cooperation with political allies) of the advantage in possessing public power and in using this power to achieve the political goals of this subject.

Politics is a special sphere of human life associated with power relations, with the state system, social institutions, which operate in accordance with the law and are designed to guarantee the viability of citizens, communities of people, the implementation of their common will, interests and needs.

State information policy is the ability and ability of policy subjects to influence the consciousness, psyche of people, their behavior and activities with the help of information in the interests of the state and civil society.

In a broader sense, this is a special sphere of people's life associated with the reproduction and dissemination of information that satisfies the interests of the state and civil society, and aimed at ensuring a creative, constructive dialogue between them and their representatives.

For Russia, the implementation of a competent state information policy means:

development of civil society;

ensuring a constructive dialogue between the state and the media and the authorities and society;

recognition of the presumption of openness of information for citizens and protection of their information rights;

orientation of the main components of the information space to ensure the free circulation of information, the implementation of the constitutional right to free search, receipt, production of information and its dissemination;

increasing public confidence in the authorities;

establishing effective relations between Russia and other countries, etc.

On September 9, 2000, the President of the Russian Federation approved the "Information Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation", emphasizing the need for a state information policy, which should be based on Russia's national interest. This means that in our society, where a huge number of media outlets operate, preaching a variety of political, cultural and value orientations, the state must set a certain vector of a single movement - to pursue a state information policy that reflects the interests and needs of the whole society as a whole. Also, the state information policy should be aimed at realizing the national interests of Russia in the information sphere:

1. observance of constitutional rights and freedoms in the field of obtaining and using information, preserving and strengthening the spiritual and moral values ​​of society, the cultural and scientific potential of the country;

2. information support of the state policy of the Russian Federation, related to bringing to the Russian and international public reliable information about the state policy of the Russian Federation, its official position on political and socially significant events in Russian and international life, with ensuring citizens' access to open state information resources;

3. development of modern information technologies, the domestic information industry, meeting the needs of the domestic market with its products and the entry of these products into the world market, as well as ensuring the accumulation, preservation and effective use of domestic information resources;

4. protection of information resources from unauthorized access, ensuring the security of information and telecommunication systems, both already deployed and being created on the territory of Russia.

For the effective implementation of the state information policy, of course, the media should be fully involved - since this is one of the most important sources and channels for transmitting information. Within the framework of the state information policy, the activities of the mass media should be aimed at consolidating society.

Undoubtedly, the implementation of the state information policy should be a priority task of our state, since it is the most important component of the foreign and domestic policy of the Russian Federation.

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25.04.2021

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