Linux distributions. Overview of Linux distributions that are stepping on the heels of the leaders

Modern GNU/Linux is more than a set of programs and an installer. Rather, it is the implementation of some ideal OS, as seen by a specific development team. But even the most popular distributions are far from perfect, so many Linux users are in constant search. We will also look for alternatives.

Mageia 3

Base: Mandriva
Project website: mageia.org/ru
License: GPL
Hardware platforms: i586, x86_64

Kernel 3.8.13, Glibc 2.17, systemd 195, X.org 1.13.4, KDE 4.10.2, GNOME 3.6, Xfce 4.10, LibreOffice 4.0.3

The distribution kit was created by enthusiasts and former employees of Mandriva in 2010, when this company was going through hard times: reductions began, releases came out late, and its further fate was not clear. Mageia is supported and developed by the community and does not depend on corporate intrigues. Be that as it may, Mageia has far surpassed Mandriva in popularity, which today is only in 44th place in the Distrowatch rating (Mageia occupies 4th position). Releases come out once a year (May - June), the numbering is in order.

Mageia has much in common with its ancestor, working with it is in many ways reminiscent of Mandriva and is understandable even to a novice user. There are no problems with localization. The interface has been translated into 167 languages, and the project website is also available in several languages.

The desktop is made traditionally, everything is in its place. The setting is carried out using regular tools, like KDE System Settings. Among the specific applications, Mageia Control Center, based on the Mandriva Control Center, can be noted. Here you can configure software sources, hardware and network connections, manage system and security, import documents and settings from Windows, and so on. Programs are installed using the graphical package managers RPMdrake and Apper. The features of the first are similar to Synaptic, all applications are well structured. Although the lack of a rating like in the Ubuntu Software Center makes it a little difficult for a beginner to choose. The App manager is a little easier, to get to the program, you need to go through several windows or use a filter. Although it's interesting that Apper sometimes sees updates that RPMdrake doesn't.

The repository is divided into three parts: Core (the main repository with a free license), Nonfree (free closed source packages, drivers, etc.), Tainted (packages with a free license, but capable of violating the laws of a number of countries, codecs). Only Core is enabled by default. If the installer detects the need for proprietary drivers, Nonfree and Tainted are included automatically (in version 3, previously you had to do this manually). Most hardware is recognized correctly without user intervention.

The hard drive installer is very simple and is completely copied from Mandriva. In version 3, the ability to install the system on the Btrfs file system has been added, the appearance has been updated, and the ability to restore the system from an SMB partition has appeared.

It is also worth noting the presence of the Digidoc portal client, which allows you to sign documents, check the validity of the signature and provide access to other users of the portal. For the convenience of security settings, ready-made profiles are used (installed in the control center) that facilitate settings: standard, netbook, secure, fileserver, webserver and audit_daily/weakly. Each of them is accompanied by a detailed description.

Several images are available for download. For traditional installation: x86 and x64 DVD containing the most complete set of software, as well as CD "dual" architecture with a minimum set. In addition, GNOME and KDE desktop live images and network install images are available.

The project provides relatively few instructions and tutorials, but many questions can be answered in the community forum or in the official Mandriva documentation.

Arch Linux 2013.10.01

Base: from scratch
Project website: archlinux.org
License: GPL

System requirements: Intel Pentium II, 512 MB RAM, 6 GB
Kernel 3.11.2, systemd 208, Glibc 2.18, X.org 1.14.3, Openbox 3.5.2, LibreOffice 4.1.2

A distribution for advanced users that appeared during the fashion for source-based solutions and system optimization (2002). Built from scratch in the spirit of the UNIX-way. One of Arch's principles is that the system should be managed by the user, not utilities. Installation and configuration of the system (including Russification) are done manually, without auxiliary utilities that "spoil" and make the system heavier. The project offers only a set of specialized scripts that simplify deployment (Arch Install Scripts). Users themselves often offer their own solutions that facilitate certain aspects of the configuration.

Arch is installed as a minimum basic system(Internet connection required) and then tailored to a specific task, installing only the necessary components, and not removing unnecessary ones, as is usually the case. Given that the process uses an up-to-date repository, an update immediately after installation is not required. The distribution kit will be in the form that the user configures it, in case of failure, problems are also provided (unstable operation, brakes, etc.). All this, of course, requires some experience, attention and perseverance, but the result is worth it.

Arch is built on the rolling release principle, so it is updated as needed, and the user uses the most up-to-date software. Although the risk of getting an unstable system is quite high, so it is advisable to check the forum before a global update.

Unlike Gentoo, the main way to install applications here is using binary packages (in fact, pkg.tar.gz archives, which contain all information, including dependencies), this noticeably speeds up the process and does not require powerful computer to compile. The basis is package manager pacman, which allows you to install packages and completely update the system with one command.

For those who prefer to build applications from source, the Arch Build System is provided, which is similar to the BSD ports system. All operations are performed by a single makepkg command, the packages created (unlike FreeBSD, the package is created anyway, as in CRUX) are then tracked using pacman. Therefore, both methods can be used in parallel. Another feature: packages are usually built without patches or with a minimum number of them.

In addition to the official repositories, the user AUR (Arch User Repository) is also supported, in which you can find PKGBUILD scripts for building packages from source.

There is a big plus - extensive and up-to-date documentation of the project, which covers all the issues and subtleties. Therefore, Arch can be recommended to all those who want to thoroughly learn Linux. The answer can be found on any Arch community resource and IRC channel.

A dual-boot ISO image is offered for installation, which is used on 32-bit and 64-bit systems.

Manjaro Linux 0.8.7.1

Base: Arch Linux
Project website: manjaro.org
License: GPL
Hardware platforms: i686, x86_64
Recommended system requirements: CPU 1 GHz, 1 GB RAM, 30 GB HDD
Kernel 3.10.11, Glibc 2.18, systemd 204, X.org 1.14.2, Xfce 4.10, Openbox 3.5.2, LibreOffice 4.1.1

The goal of this project is to create an analogue of the popular Arch Linux distribution, only more user friendly. But this relationship ends, Manjaro is a completely self-sufficient solution.

Like Arch, Manjaro uses a rolling release scheme, meaning the system is updated as needed, without full reinstallation. To install applications, the package manager from Arch - pacman and the graphical frontend pamac (something like a simplified Synaptic) are used, the Update Manager monitors updates. At the same time, Manjaro is compatible with the AUR repositories from Arch (if necessary, they can be included), but uses its own. Officially, the distribution is in beta, and there are still various inconsistencies when updating the distribution, setting hardware parameters (such as adjusting the screen resolution), and running something complex like Compiz. But the project is developing rapidly, and there are fewer and fewer unpleasant moments.

Currently implemented graphical installer Manjaro Installer (taken from Linux Mint), the mhwd (Manjaro HardWare Detection) console device management utility, the Manjaro Welcome screen with basic settings (like in Mint), and the Manjaro Settings Manager control center. The latter so far provides the installation of language packs, changing the locale and keyboard layout, and managing accounts. The list of available kernels can be requested with the mhwd-kernel -li command. Full support for multimedia codecs is provided out of the box.

On the this moment The mhwd utility is under development and can automatically install the drivers and necessary options in the configuration files for PCI devices only. For devices that work via USB, all operations will probably have to be done manually. A detailed list of all devices and available drivers can be obtained as follows:

$ mhwd -lh -d $ mhwd -la

Manjaro Installer does not cause difficulties in the work, all steps are clear and logical. The default is file system ext4, the disk is automatically divided into root and swap. When manually configuring partitions, GParted is called. It is possible to install the distribution kit not only in graphical, but also in text mode.

Officially supported working environments: XFCE, Openbox and the so-called Minimal Net Edition, containing a minimal set of software, without a graphical environment. The Xfce desktop is organized traditionally and looks elegant. Optimization has been carried out, and the system does not consume many resources. As file manager Thunar used. All the tools for customizing this environment are present, so the look and feel can be easily changed. Additionally, Community Editions provide support for: E17, MATE, LXDE, Cinnamon/Gnome-shell and KDE/Razor-qt.

Of course, you can call Manjaro a distribution kit for a beginner, but only with some stretch, you will have to do a lot to set it up correctly and for yourself, but an experienced user will surely like it. A big plus of the project is a good selection of documentation. After the system boots, a PDF file is available on the desktop containing all the basic information so that the user can quickly navigate. The root password in Live mode is manjaro.

Zorin OS 6.4/7

There is no localization out of the box, but making the system “speak” Russian is easy. When loading, a settings window appears in which you can select the desired language, after which recommendations will be given for further actions (you need to install langpack_ru). Here I would like to note the community of Russian-speaking followers of PuppyRus Linux, which offers its builds (localized), various manuals and support on the forum.

PCLinuxOS distribution

Bill "Texstar" Reynolds' project, which started in 2003 based on additions to Mandrake (now Mandriva), at the time of its inception offered a live version and multimedia codecs installed out of the box. Since 2007, PCLinuxOS has been running its own codebase and is not affiliated with Mandriva in any way. Aimed at both beginners and experienced users. The main desktop was and remains KDE (in DVD - Full and CD - MiniMe versions), but the community develops builds of spins with LXDE, Openbox and WMii, which have smaller system requirements: from 384, 256 and 128 MB respectively. Also available is FullMonty Desktop, which is a DVD with the maximum amount of software.

For a long time, the project released only 32-bit builds, for which it was constantly criticized, but starting from 2013.04, a version for x86_64 is also available.

RPMs are used as packages, but here are two interesting facts. The first is that APT and Synaptic are used for installation (at the time the distribution was created, URPM had just appeared). The second - the distribution is implemented as a rolling release. This requires some discipline - the system must be updated constantly (at least once every two weeks), otherwise a large number of updates can easily bring down the OS. Unlike other distributions that use a similar scheme, upgrading in PCLinuxOS does not mean "getting everything new". Several people are involved in the assembly, and all packages are thoroughly tested. Therefore, updates arrive with a delay, but with less risk of disrupting performance. In addition to own packages, the repository may contain modified packages from Fedora, openSUSE, Mageia and Mandriva, when building patches from other projects (Arch, Ubuntu, Debian, PLD and others) are used.

The package contains a large number of drivers, including those with closed code (for example, for ATI cards).

Localization is carried out at a high level. The KDE version supports 85 languages. In addition to KDE System Settings (called Configure Your Desktop), the distribution comes with several specific tools: PCLinuxOS Control Center, NTFS Configuration Tool, and Live USB Creator (mylivecd), designed to take a "snapshot" of the current installation and save it to a CD/DVD ISO. This makes it very easy to create your own builds or back up data.

The installation process on the hard drive is very simple and does not cause any problems. The project provides good documentation and publishes its own PCLinuxOS Magazine. Support can be obtained from the forum or mailing list.

Password for root user in Live mode - root.

Conclusion

As you can see, the world of Linux is diverse, and you can always choose the most suitable solution for yourself in terms of aesthetics, convenience, or tasks.

I recently made the decision to spend my free time tinkering with different solutions on Linux. First of all, I decided to install and configure on virtual machine some distribution and deploy there Zimbra. However, in the time that I have not touched free software, many interesting builds have been released for Linux. so the first thing I decided to figure out what's good there.

I want to say in advance that how many distributions, so many opinions. And if your loved one is not on the list, then it is not at all necessary to write to me that I am wrong. Just tell me your preferences in the comments. 😉

And yes, I have divided distributions into several categories.

For newbies

ubuntu

ubuntu is one of the most popular Linux distributions. Based on Debian and using the Unity graphical environment. Based on my experience, it is also the easiest Linux distribution to install and configure due to the huge number of instructions and forums dedicated to it. Any problem is googled for one or two. The main developer and sponsor is Canonical.

Ubuntu comes first on the list because many other distributions are based on it.

Download:

Kubuntu

Kubuntu- the same Ubuntu, but instead of the standard Unity, the KDE graphical environment is used. The project is part of the Ubuntu project, uses its core and shares a common package repository. It is possible to install both the KDE graphical environment (package kubuntu-desktop) and the Unity environment (package ubuntu-desktop) at the same time, choosing which environment to run at system startup.

Download

mint

Linux Mint designed to provide the user with the most simple operating system that will be ready to work immediately after installation and does not require downloading the popular software, including additional codecs for playing popular multimedia formats. Initially, this distribution was based on Ubuntu, but subsequently a new branch based on Debian appeared with repositories. Each of the assemblies uses graphical environments:

• Cinnamon (is a shell for the GNOME desktop environment, which is a fork of the GNOME Shell codebase)
• and others.

Now it is one of the most popular Linux distributions.

Download

Beautiful

For some reason, there is a legend among the opponents of free software that this is all done for geeks, which means that it is functional and not very beautiful. I know two Linux distributions that are visually very similar to OS X. Such a comparison with Apple operating systems suggests that the assembled distributions can be safely recommended to be installed on the computers of users who care about visual design.

elementary OS

Elementary OS is also built on the basis of the Ubuntu distribution and, since the Luna version, has proven itself to work well on home computers. Many say that the next version of Elementary OS Loki will replace Linux Mint and become the best "desktop" distribution in 2017. This OS is stable, convenient, and its creators are attentive to details.

Download

Apricity OS

This distribution is based on Arch Linux and even supports Retina displays. Very simple and very understandable to a simple user.

Download

Lungs

Windows and OS X are often criticized for being resource hungry. Weak computers simply do not pull modern versions of these operating systems, and installing outdated distributions may not be safe. For example, fans of Windows XP often forget that this OS has long been removed from support and no patches are released for it. And this means that you can easily run into some kind of cunning virus that exploits an open vulnerability. Well, then there can be any consequences: from blocking data to stealing it.

Linux distribution developers, on the other hand, offer graphical environments that can run even on weak computers. At the same time, support for these distros does not stop.

Lubuntu

Lubuntu is a lightweight distribution based on Ubuntu, which is ideal for use on low-end computers and laptops. It uses the LXDE (Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment) desktop.

Download

Xubuntu

Xubuntu is also built from Ubuntu and uses GUI Xfce (XForms Common Environment).

Download

Separately, I want to say about distributions Puppy Linux and Tiny Core. They are so small that they run perfectly and work from a USB flash drive. For a full-fledged work, I can not recommend them, but for solving problems with a computer - it's easy. With the help of such distributions, I have solved problems with viruses more than once.

For experienced

This post wouldn't be complete without mentioning the powerful distributions many other developers rely on to build their builds.

Debian

Debian GNU/Linux is considered one of the best and most popular distributions. It was founded in the early 90s and is currently being developed by a community of tens of thousands of people. Debian includes more programs than any other distribution: more than 40 thousand packages as of spring 2016. If any program is written for Linux, then there is a version for Debian for it.

Many of those who switched to Linux now do not want to go back to the Windows operating system. This is due to the availability of this operating system even for novice users. If you want to install Linux, then you need to download one of the many distributions that are written based on the Linux kernel. We give examples of the best of them and talk about the features of the system.

What is Linux and why are there so many operating systems based on it?

GNU/Linux was designed as a multi-user and multi-tasking kernel for various operating systems. For which programmers have created many graphic managers and software shells. The distribution (operating system) determines what you will use the computer for. Each Linux-based operating system is distinguished by its functional part. A single part of all distributions is the "Terminal", this is their main part. With it, you can:

• install and launch programs;
• add repositories for storing software;
• configure configuration files and the distribution itself.

Now this system is especially popular among programmers, it is also very often used for servers.

It began to be widely distributed in home computers relatively recently, having won the love of users due to its wide customization options: some versions of distributions can be run directly from a flash drive, others are suitable for weak computers. Distributions differ in their functionality, size and appearance.

Not all Linux-based operating systems can be downloaded. For example, Google Chrome OS (yes, there is one operating system, not just a browser) comes pre-installed on some models of Samsung, HP laptops, etc. AT open access official distributions of this operating system can not be found. But there are many forks and copies. We will not link to such sites in this review. For each distribution in the review, we give a download link to the official website or the official community.

Why are users ditching Windows for Linux?

Most often, the advantages of Linux-based operating systems are called:

1. Absence. This is not to say that this system is generally impossible to hack, but hackers rarely show interest in Linux. There are a few rutiches that help infiltrate servers, but they almost never run on home PCs. The fact that the system is safe is also evidenced by the fact that not a single anti-virus utility has databases specifically for Linux. Basically, programs are configured to search malicious code, which was transferred from using flash drives or disks.
2. Almost all distributions are distributed free of charge, which allows people with multiple home devices not to spend a lot of money on licenses. In this case, you can regularly reinstall distributions, test them and change them. Additional advantage that software for Linux is also distributed free of charge. And a nice bonus is the lack of advertising inserts and third party programs, which are loaded into the PC's memory along with the main utility.
3. The system is diverse and unlimited possibilities for customizing the appearance. In addition to many distributions, you can install different desktop environments on your PC. This will help you change them according to need or mood.
4. Repository built into the system. His idea formed the basis of the store Google Apps play. From it you can install the most different programs without resorting to the help of websites and third-party programs. The only inconvenience that is noticeable immediately after the transition from Windows is the lack of familiar utility names.
5. The system is convenient on the external interface and separating programs in the menu. Each utility occupies its own section in the menu, which makes it easier to find it. These small pleasant moments help to make the work much more convenient.
6. Almost all the necessary drivers are built into the Linux kernel. for peripheral equipment. You can install any device and it will immediately start working. You do not have to look for drivers, as for Windows, download them on another computer, so that later the equipment starts working without failures. There will be no inconvenience even when connecting a new network card.
7. By default, the system encrypts disks on its own., which allows you to protect files when your computer falls into the wrong hands. In Windows, this option is available only with the help of third-party programs.

These positive aspects are enough to make you want to try the operating system on the Linux kernel. But before choosing a distribution, you should familiarize yourself with the features of each shell and carefully study the shortcomings of the OS.

Disadvantages of Linux

To begin with, let's look at situations that the programmers who created Linux distributions could not handle. Such troubles are rare, but for novice users they can be fatal.

1. Poor compatibility with a number of modern devices. Most printers, scanners, routers, and other devices are built for Windows. Therefore, they may not always work correctly. Users can change the distribution kit themselves so that the connected devices work correctly. If you do not know how to independently adjust the OS settings in the same terminal, then you should just download and upload the modern version of the distribution.
2. Incorrect operation of the graphics subsystem. After waking up from sleep mode, when using discrete graphics cards, a freeze may be observed. The only way to get rid of this problem is by rebooting. Problems with video cards most often appear after updating the kernel or components responsible for graphics output.
3. Despite the fact that many are sewn into the core, they can stop installing automatically or deleted after a system update. This problem is solved by rolling back to old version distribution or installing a new shell.
4. Incorrect operation of the cooling system in laptops. Due to improper management, coolers start to make noise or do their job poorly.
5. Steam for Linux is developing very slowly, users cannot download and purchase any music and applications. If you choose paid program, then problems may arise when entering card data (not all plastic is accepted by the store). Although it should be noted that the store Windows applications is not better developed, problems may arise when using it. But in the latter case, there are many alternative sources for programs.

In order not to encounter these problems, it is worth installing only modern versions of operating systems. For most ordinary users, such troubles can be a reason to abandon the Linux OS.

Although it is worth noting that in recent years the shell interface has become more and more friendly. The developers are trying to solve the problems listed above, but so far it has not been possible to completely get rid of them.

Overview of the best Linux distributions with download links from official sites

Before you install Linux, you should familiarize yourself with the features of its distributions. Each of them has its pros and cons.

elementary OS

If the design of the operating system is important to you, then you should opt for Elementary. Visually, the desktop resembles Mac OS, which makes it look expensive and beautiful. Among other distributions, this option stands out only in design and this is its drawback. Although it is for this that users fell in love with Elementary.

It is a light and handy system suitable even for low power machines. By default, it does not have the largest, but well-thought-out set of programs:

• Midori browser;
• file manager Pantheon Files;
• media player Totem;
• Geary mail client;
• Shotwell photo manager.

This system performs everyday user tasks at 100%. In addition, the support of fans of this OS led to the fact that inside the shell they began to develop their own software products. But at the same time, users do not yet have opportunities for customization and fine tuning shells.

Linux Mint

This option is useful for onboarding users who for a long time worked with Windows. They are similar to the taskbar area, navigation system, and desktop. Several working environments have been released for this system, from which you can choose the most convenient one. Mint is a different version of Ubuntu. It has several advantages over other distributions:

• this assembly is quite common, has good support from users and developers;
• free distribution;
• multiple working environments can be easily switched using a lightweight and user-friendly graphical interface;
• there are several built-in functions: plugins for fast loading applications, their launch and update;
• frequently updated and modified.

There are two shortcomings: it is developed by a team of enthusiasts and there are no public security bulletins for this system. These shortcomings do not affect the operation of the operating system. The absence of a company responsible for development can even be called an advantage - the creators of the system are closer to ordinary users.

Manjaro Linux

Several operating systems have been released based on Arch Linux. One of them was Manjaro. It has a number of features:

• simple installation process;
• automatic hardware detection;
• extensive desktop customization;
• work stability;
• the ability to install multiple cores;
• special scenarios.

Two versions are offered for the desktop, one of them is used for advanced users. It's fast and popular system with a large number of users, which allows you to get good support communities. Inexperienced users in this system will be comfortable with a tool for downloading programs - AUR. It allows you to do without repositories.

ubuntu

This distribution is the most common and popular. Almost all Linux users have tried it at least once. The system is ideal for beginners who just want to familiarize themselves with the possibilities of distributions. There is nothing superfluous in the interface, including the developers got rid of the terminal. For inexperienced users, it may be a disadvantage to use command line to work with the system.

Benefits of Ubuntu:

• free distribution, programs and components can also be freely downloaded;
• the installation process does not take more than 10 minutes;
• the interface is easy to understand, it is understandable;
• nothing happens in the system without the user's permission, so the risk of virus infection is minimal;
• can be used on one computer with Windows, the possibility of multiboot is sewn into the system;
• the assembly includes a sufficient set of programs;
• communities and forums allow you to solve any problem.

The main disadvantage of this version is the instability of work. Many refuse the distribution due to the failures that accompany almost every system update. New versions often give errors that other users have not encountered before. After this version of Linux, it will be difficult to use other distributions.

openSUSE

This version is most commonly used for commercial purposes. The developers have released the source code of their system so that programmers from all over the world can improve it. This allowed for frequent releases of new versions. First of all, the openSUSE product is interesting for beginners who have not used Linux before.

You can install the system even on weak computers. Its minimum requirements are: 3 GB of free hard disk space, a Pentium 4 1.6 GHz processor and only 1 GB random access memory. The management of this system is concentrated in the YaST center. Inexperienced users should not install the Tumbleweed version, as it often causes problems. It's best to run on Leap, which is updated less frequently and is more stable.

Steam OS - Linux for games!

A big problem for Linux users is that few games have been released for this operating system. For this reason, Debian-based Steam OS was released for gamers. It is used by those who want to reduce resource consumption during games. In this version of the shell, the features and functions of the Steam platform were used. You can play with keyboard or joystick.

The disadvantage of this version is that the computer cannot be used to perform different tasks. After installing this operating system, it turns into a gaming machine. You can install the software to perform other tasks, but it will not work correctly. Another disadvantage is the low prevalence of the system and poor support. In addition, your processor must support 64-bit architecture.

Tails - for complete anonymity on the Internet

Based on Debian, another system has been released - Tails. It is intended for those who need to remain anonymous online. Of the advantages of this system: it does not need strong equipment, it is stable. Tails is ideal for surfing the Internet and solving everyday tasks.

CentOS 7

If you are looking for a free alternative red hat Enterprise Linux, then you should download CentOS 7 on your PC. Most often, the choice for this system falls when the user has already worked with Red Hat, but was forced to abandon it due to a failure. In this case, you will be able to use the same programs in both versions. You do not have to modify the system or look for a replacement for your favorite utilities.

Debian

This version is loved due to its stability and security. The development team is impressive, but system updates are rare. This system is suitable for remote administration, so it is often put on servers. For beginners, the assembly is difficult, it has too many settings and programs. At the same time, the distribution kit has several positive qualities:

• stability;
• many architectures are supported;
• safety in use;
• more than a thousand software packages;
• easily updated;
• works quickly and efficiently even on outdated computers.

Unlike other versions of distributions, immediately after Debian installations will have to be configured. Only an experienced user can understand the number of options. The popularity of the distribution is maintained only due to its stability, but in terms of interface and usability, it is outdated. Operating system updates are rare, but downloading and installing them is extremely easy.

Fedora

If you want to be one of the first to test new things from the world of Linux, then you should install the Fedora distribution. He is also associated with Red Hat, which uses this version as a free testing ground for new products. Linux founder Torvalds Linus himself uses this distribution as his main distribution, and you should not trust his choice.

The only downside to this system is that there are only a few bugs after the update. The distribution is good for home use. It does not fail after the introduction of new products. It keeps up with the times and is suitable for computers with different capacities.

Choose a distribution based on your wishes. Each version of Linux is good in its own way, but not without flaws. You can write about your experience of using distributions of this operating system in the comments. If you liked the article, please share it with your friends.

Long gone are the days when it was impossible to find games for Linux. In fact, the number of games under development for Linux is more and more, the development process does not stop, the growth is stable, and in recent years this is most noticeable.

While there are hundreds of Linux distributions out there, all with different mantras and for different purposes, distributions built for a single purpose specifically for gaming are not released that often. But of course, there are some really good ones that have been developed and are already available to everyone. Today we will look at full list the best Linux distributions for gaming.

These distributions are equipped with various drivers, software, emulators and tools for a more convenient gaming experience, so you can install them right now and enjoy the gaming experience.

The Best Linux Distributions for Gaming

Just for clarification, the distributions that will be listed below will be considered in no particular order, this is not the top from the first position to the last, which one you choose is completely up to you, since it is quite difficult to determine the best by the top, I hope you try it and unsubscribe in the comments which is better and why.

1.

Steam OS is one of the most popular gaming distributions developed by Valve Corporation. From the creators of Steam. Steam OS is designed exclusively to run games from the Steam client.

• Based on: Debian 8 (Debian Jessie)
• Desktop environment: GNOME, optimized for fast keyboard and joystick access.
• Package format: DEB

Steam OS supports various graphics cards and joysticks/gamepads. If by chance, the driver for your hardware is not included out of the box, you can always manually configure it.

Equipment requirements :

• Processor: Intel or AMD supporting 64-bit architecture
• Memory: 4 GB or more RAM
• Hard Drive: 200 GB or larger
• Video card: NVIDIA graphics card / AMD graphics card(RADEON 8500 and higher) / Intel Graphics
• Additionally: USB port to install UEFI firmware (recommended)

Pros:

• Soothing user interface
• Support mail all latest graphics cards
• Compatible with various additional devices, joysticks / gamepads
• Huge collection of games from the built-in Steam client

Minuses:

• High hardware requirements
• Running games only from Steam

If you upgraded your computer and your machine meets the requirements of the Steam OS, without a doubt, this distribution kit is worthy to be installed on your computer, it's up to you to install it or not.

2. Sparky Linux - Game Over Edition

Sparky Linux - Gameover Edition is another one of the best distributions for gaming.

• Based on: Debian
• Desktop Environment: LXDE
• Package format: DEB

Sparky Linux - Gameover Edition comes with a built-in special utility called Aptus Gamer. This utility allows you to easily install support for various consoles, emulators and other tools for gamers. Aptus Gamer supports a very large list of emulators.

A large number of Linux games come pre-installed with this distribution. Other than the above, it also comes pre-installed with the Steam client, for Windows games with Wine pre-installed, and PlayOnLinux bundled with Sparky Linux - Gameover Edition.

It is also worth adding that a utility is provided pre-installed to help you install proprietary drivers for your video adapters and additional devices, set-top boxes, joysticks, as well as you have the opportunity to install multimedia codecs using this utility.

Pros:

• Supported Steam Games
• Support for installing games using Wine and PlayOnLinux
• Support for Aptus Gamer Tool
• The stable version of the distribution

Minuses:

• I would like to note, but I can not, too good.

If you want a stable Linux distribution for gaming that supports a wide variety of games from multiple platforms, try this one.

3.

Game Drift Linux is optimized to provide best access for Linux games. It provides out-of-the-box support for Linux and popular games for Windows.

• Based on: Ubuntu
• Desktop environment: MATE
• Package format: DEB

Game Drift has its own game store filled with various open source games. source code, in its list has both simple and a large number of high-quality Linux games. The game store is replenished regularly with new games, there is never a downtime. The game store in this distribution supports installation of games at the touch of a button without additional husks like agree and so on.

There is built-in support for CrossOver technology to run Windows games. You can play more than 1200 games that are developed for Windows. You will also be able to run various Windows software with CrossOver.

• Processor: 1-2 GHz processor (32 or 64 bits)
• Memory: 1-2GB RAM
• Hard disk: 4 GB hard disk
• Video Card: ATI, Nvidia or Intel
• Optional: LAN / Internet

Pros:

• Your game store
• Support for Windows games

Minuses:

• CrossOver is not free as you need to buy an activation key

If you want to have Windows support games and can afford to spend money to buy a CrossOver license, Game Drift Linux is a good choice for you.

4.

Play Linux is another one of the good Linux gaming distributions that comes with Steam and PlayOnLinux pre-installed.

• Based on: Ubuntu
• Desktop environment: Nebula
• Package format: DEB

Nebula is a lightweight and highly customizable environment that includes a wide range of Play Linux appearance customizations. Play Linux automatically detects the load on the processor and disables unnecessary functions without user intervention, such as Compiz, temporarily while you are busy with the game process so as not to load your video card with unnecessary loads that you can do without.

Unique features for the Play Linux distribution are provided by the integrated AutoGPU installer. It automatically configures and installs its graphics drivers so you don't have to waste your time on it.

Pros:

• Simple and lightweight distribution
• Steam support
• Pre-installed PlayOnLinux (for running Windows games)
• Automatic installation of drivers for the graphics adapter

Minuses:

• Distribution Beta
• May not be suitable for games that are too new, although this will smooth out over time

If you want a gaming distro that is also compatible with normal desktop use for everyday tasks other than gaming, you can choose Play Linux.

5.

Lakka OS is completely different from the distributions we discussed above. It's a lightweight Linux distro that turns your PC into a full blown gaming console, literally.

• Based on: OpenELEC
• Desktop Environment: RetroArch

Lakka OS is capable of emulating a wide range of consoles. Support for all the necessary console emulators is provided systemically for a comfortable game in the RetroArch environment.

All emulators come with pre-configured pre-configured configurations, specifically optimized to make Lakka OS games run smoother and more seamlessly than non-configurable emulators. Most games require very low hardware resource requirements, with the exception of Playstation or Xbox games.

Key features of Lakka OS are Multiplayer, Savestates, Shaders, NetPlay, rewind and wireless joystick support.

Pros:

• Easy to work
• Beautiful interface
• Large number of supported emulators
• Various supported hardware
• Automatic joystick recognition
• Various useful features for games

Minuses:

• No support for Steam or Windows games

If you're a hardcore gamer with a console and a beefed up PC, Lakka OS is waiting for you without any hesitation.

6.

Fedora Games Spin is a great example of the Fedora distribution's ability to launch games.

• Based on: Fedora
• Package format: RPM

Fedora Games Spin comes with thousands of Linux games. With a link to the official site:

The included games span multiple genres, first person, real-time and turn-based strategy, all games are logical in nature.

Steam client, Wine or PlayOnLinux are not installed by default. If you want Steam and Windows game support, you'll need to manually install them using your package manager. Some pre-installed games also require additional requirements to run and start playing.

Pros:

• Thousands of pre-installed Linux games
• Stable, fast and lightweight distribution

Minuses:

• No out-of-the-box support for using Steam and Windows games
• Drivers not pre-installed
• Not for hardcore gamers

Although this distro is not that advanced for gaming, but if you are a Fedora hobbyist and fan, you should try this distro.

7.

Ubuntu GamePack is a gaming distribution that provides support for about six thousand Linux and Windows games. It was developed to bridge the gap in game availability between Linux and Windows.

• Based on: Ubuntu
• Desktop environment: Unity
• Package format: DEB

Ubuntu GamePack does not include any games outside of the box. Rather, it opens the door to running Linux, Steam games, Windows games, and various consoles on your computer.

The Steam client, Lutris, Wine and PlayOnLinux come pre-installed with the Ubuntu Gamepack. Lutris is an open source game management platform for console, Linux, Steam and Windows games.

There is support Adobe Flash and Oracle Java. So, for online games you will not have any problems.

Ubuntu GamePack also provides a dedicated repository with a collection of hundreds of games.

Pros:

• Pre-installed Lutris
• Compatibility for playing online
• Support for installing games from Steam and running Windows games and consoles

Minuses:

• May seem a little slower than other distributions from the list above

8.

MGAME (formerly known as Manjaro Gaming) is a distribution aimed at gamers and fans of Manjaro.

• Based on: Manjaro
• Desktop environment: Xfce

MGAME automatically installs the necessary drivers for popular graphics cards. It also provides various tweaks for an optimal gaming experience.

MGAME comes with various additional utilities and sources that gamers often need, additionally come pre-installed applications for video editing, video recording and streaming, apps for creating high-quality screenshots, etc.

There is pre-installed support for a huge list of console emulators. Wine and PlayOnLinux are also pre-installed to run Windows games. If you want to play games on Steam, you will have to manually install Steam client, which is a feat on Arch Linux based distributions as Steam is not officially supported on Arch.

Pros:

• Pre-Installed Tools for Gamers
• Wide range of supported consoles, emulators

Minuses

• Not suitable for hardcore gamers

MGAME is a relatively new distribution in the gaming category. But if you are a Manjaro fan, you can try it.

Have you had experience with one or more of these distributions? Which one is especially the best? Let us know!

There are still Christmas trees in many homes, and Linux.com has already offered readers its version of the best distributions of the year. However, so far this is not a statement of fact, but only a forecast based on a noticeable increase in the popularity of open solutions in both the corporate and consumer sectors.

Best Comeback: OpenSUSE

SUSE is one of the oldest developers of the Linux system. The company was founded a year after Linus Torvalds announced the creation of Linux. In fact, SUSE is even older than Red Hat.

Last year, the distribution's developers made a major decision for the development of the product - to bring openSUSE as close as possible to SUSE Linux Enterprise. As such, openSUSE Leap is directly based on the SLE SP 1 codebase.

As a result of this step, openSUSE has become much more interesting for a potential user of an enterprise system, since it will simplify the transition to it. But that's not all. The release of a special Tumbleweed distribution with continuous updates will keep you up to date with the latest software.

Thus, the openSUSE user has the option of either running the stable version or installing a permanently up-to-date Tumbleweed. Thus, the solution has become truly universal.

Most Customizable Distribution: Arch Linux

Arch Linux continues to outperform all other distributions in many ways. Therefore, it remains the choice of many experienced users.

it perfect choice for those who want to learn Linux. Since almost everything is done manually there, the user will recognize the device of each file of the operating system.

Arch Linux is the most customizable distribution. He does not have "his" desktop and a set of software by default. After installation, the user receives only the “basis” of the system, and does everything else on his own. The result is a working environment that has everything you need and nothing you don't.

Arch Linux is the best ever release with a continuous update cycle. The user can be sure that his system has the most current versions application software.

This distribution is also known for excellent documentation. ArchWiki is one of the best sites for learning about the Linux system.

In addition, Arch Linux is the richest repository. If the program runs on Linux, it will almost certainly be found in the Arch User Repository.

Most Beautiful Distribution: Elementary OS

Different distributions are created for different purposes. Most often, these are technical features solutions. The appearance of the desktop is a secondary matter.

The Elementary OS developers decided to try a different approach. The design has essential, and the reason for this is quite obvious - the system is created by designers. However, this concept has led to the fact that they choose only applications for the system that fit into the design of the original desktop. But you have to come to terms with this - the distribution kit is conceived as the most beautiful, not the most functional.

Best Debut: Solus

The distribution cannot complain about the lack of attention from users. And, well-deserved attention.

The system was built from scratch - not a derivative of Debian or Ubuntu. It's based on the Budgie desktop and features the same minimalism as Google Chrome OS.

Although, strictly speaking, this is not a new project at all. However, it was last year that it was revived under this name.

Best Cloud OS: Chrome OS

Chrome OS is not your typical Linux distribution. It's just a browser based on the Linux operating system.

The solution is very convenient for daily use. It does not require maintenance, and the software is updated automatically without user intervention, since it is located on the server. A good choice for those who only need a computer to surf the Internet.

Best Laptop OS: Ubuntu MATE

Most laptops are not particularly tall technical specifications. Therefore, "heavy" desktop environments are contraindicated for such devices - they not only consume a lot of system resources, but also quickly consume battery power.

A good choice for a laptop is Ubuntu MATE. It's a lightweight desktop, but it has all the "decorations" you need to enjoy your work. System resources are spent on application programs, and not on supporting the graphical environment itself.

Best distribution for old hardware: Lubuntu

If you have an old laptop or PC, don't throw it away. Perhaps the Lubuntu system will breathe new life into it.

For now, this distribution uses the LXDE desktop, but future releases plan to use LXQt, a project that is the result of a merger between LXDE and Razor Qt. So Lubuntu- the best choice for legacy equipment.

Best IoT Distribution: Snappy Ubuntu Core

This solution is the best Linux system for IoT. It will make it possible to turn almost all the equipment around us into smart devices: routers, coffee makers, unmanned aerial vehicles...

Adding to the attractiveness of the distribution is effective patch management and the ability to use containers to improve security. Last Feature is extremely relevant, since the very concept of IoT implies special attention to counteracting information threats.

Best Desktop Distribution: Linux Mint Cinnamon

Linux Mint Cinnamon is a versatile system that is perfect for both desktop computers, and for powerful laptops. It is often referred to as Mac OS X in the Linux world.

For a long time, the use of Linux Mint was associated with certain problems due to the instability of the Cinnamon desktop environment. But everything changed as soon as it was decided to use Ubuntu LTS as the basis and focus exclusively on the development of the graphical interface itself.

Best distribution for games: Steam OS

Games have always been the weak point of the Linux desktop. A significant part of users decided to keep on Windows computer just to be able to play.

Valve Software has decided to change this state of affairs. The Steam OS system allows you to run games on various platforms. At the end of last year, the solution was brought to the market.

Best distro for privacy: Tails

Monitoring user actions is a real scourge of modern life. Privacy is gradually becoming a myth. Which led to the need for a system that ensures the confidentiality of information.

The best solution for this purpose: Tails. The distribution is based on Debian and offers the user tools to ensure complete anonymity on the network. This solution is so effective that the NSA considers it a serious threat to their mission.

Best Multimedia Distribution: Ubuntu Studio

Along with games support multimedia content is a weakness of Linux. Almost all professional-oriented applications run on either Windows or Mac OS X.

Nevertheless, worthy programs of a similar purpose for Linux are also enough. And all of them are built in the Ubuntu Studio system. The system uses the lightweight Xfce as a desktop, which allows you to direct the maximum computer resources to support the operation of application programs.

Best Enterprise Distribution: SLE/RHEL

A corporate user has long ceased to need advice when choosing a distribution kit for deploying an enterprise's IT infrastructure. This is either Red Hat Enterprise Linux or SUSE Linux Enterprise.

In fact, these names have become synonymous with corporate IT systems. Distribution developers keep up with the times - the products they create are deservedly considered innovative.

Best Server System: Debian/CentOS

If you want to deploy a server but can't afford to pay for SLE or RHEL, then there's nothing better than Debian or CentOS. Basically, these systems are the gold standard of a community built server.

Systems are supported for a long time, so users do not have to worry about software upgrades. This additional advantage makes the systems attractive not only for home users, but also for small businesses.

Best Mobile System: Plasma Mobile

Despite the fact that the main mobile OS today is Android, some users would like to have on mobile device a traditional Linux system with a familiar set of applications. Moreover, they believe that the distribution should be developed not by a company, but by an independent community.

The right solution for them is KDE Plasma Mobile. The corresponding solution is being prepared as part of the Kubuntu project.

Best ARM Distribution: Arch Linux ARM

Mobile Success Android systems led to the emergence of a large number of ARM devices - from Raspberry Pi to Chromebook and Nvidia Shield. There are also specialized distributions for ARM, but they are designed for specific hardware. Like, for example, Raspbian for Raspberry Pi.

And only Arch Linux ARM is a universal system that can be installed on any ARM device. And thanks to the Arch User Repository, many applications are available that are not available in other distributions.